Transport, bentonite

According to Eq. (4) (Table 1.2), the time required to halve the concentration of the virus particles in the suspension containing the virus particles only would be almost 200 days. In the presence of bentonite (kb = 3.1 10 10 cm3 sec1 and Nd2 = 7.35 106 cm 3) we find after integrating that the free virus concentration after 1 hour of contact is only 2.6 particles cm 3. This example illustrates that the presence of larger particles may aid significantly in the removal of smaller ones, even when Brownian diffusion is the predominant transport mechanism. 

Numerical simulations were carried out using a multicomponent reactive solute transport model to study the migration of four heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn ) in a sand/bentonite mixture. The leachate pH has a significant effect on the migration of Cd and Pb but has only limited effect on the mobility of and Zn " (Wu and Li, 1998). 

Most studies of contaminant transport in slurry walls have relied on the equilibrium assumption, either for convenience or because of the long residence times associated with diffusion-dominated transport. As an alternative, Rabideau and Khandelwal (1998a) have proposed the simple two-compartment mass transfer model to describe nonequilibrium sorption in soil/bentonite systems ... 

Bierck, B. R., and Chang, W. C. (1994). Contaminant transport through soil-bentonite slurry walls attenuation by activated carbon, Proceedings, Water Environment Specialty Conference on Innovative Solutions for Contaminated Site Management, Miami, FL, March 6-9, 1994, 461-472. 

Gullick, R. W. (1998). Effect of sorbent addition on the transport of inorganic and organic chemicals in soil-bentonite cutoff wall containment barriers, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 

Smith, J. A., and Jaffe, P. R. (1994). Benzene transport through landfill liners containing OTgsmophihc bentonite, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 120, 6, 1559-1577. 

Metreveli, G., and Frimmel, F. H. (2007). Influence of Na-bentonite colloids on the transport of heavy metals in porous media. In Colloidal Transport in Porous Media, Frimmel, F. H., von der Kammer, F., and Flemming, H.-C., eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 29-53. 

While bentonite is transported by flowing, unaltered groundwater, interaction with unaltered basalt surfaces appears to agglomerate and to bind it to the basalt. 

Particulate material (e.g., sand, silt, clay) which has been transported and deposited in the bottom of a body of water. Sediment input to a body of water comes from natural sources, such as erosion of soils and weathering of rock, or as the result of anthropogenic activities, such as forest or agricultural practices, or construction activities. The term can also describe a material that has been experimentally prepared (formulated) using selected particulate material (e.g., sand of particular grain size, bentonite clay, etc.). Volume 1(2), Volume 2(5,9). 

Abstract A permeameter was developed for measurement of coupled flow phenomena in clayey materials. Results are presented on streaming potentials in a Na-bentonite induced by hydraulic flow of electrolyte solutions. Transport coefficients are derived from the experiments, assuming the theory of irreversible thermodynamics to be applicable. Hydraulic and electro-osmotic conductivities are consistent with data reported elsewhere. However the electrical conductivity of the clay is substantially lower. This is ascribed to the high compaction of the clay resulting in overlap of double layers... 

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Cover the spill with a 1 1 1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite), and sand. Scoop into a plastic pail and transport to the fume hood. Slowly and while stirring, add the mixture to a beaker of dry butanol or methanol. When reaction has ceased, decant the liquid into a pail of cold water, and then wash into the drain. Treat the solid as normal refuse.6-8... 

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