Basalt surface

Perry DL, Tsao L. n.d. Thorium species on basalt surfaces. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 

In the Tertiary, basaltic dykes intruded the evaporite. Small flakes of newly formed clay minerals cover the basalt surface at the contact with the evaporite. In the underground mines, the basalt is exposed as subvertical dykes, which can be followed horizontally over several kilometres. All basalt-salt contacts discussed here are located in underground mines in the two potash salt horizons mentioned above. 

An auxiliary experiment, performed at 90°C with ground-water and a column of crushed basalt chips and with a basalt surface area to groundwater volume ratio equivalent to that of the analog basalt fissure (2 x 10 cm" ), has elucidated this phenomenon Data from this experiment, which are presented in Figure 3, show that the sodium-ion concentration of the ground-water does not decrease gradually from its initial value of... 

A steady-state groundwater composition will be achieved in a fairly short time period (20-25 days for the laboratory analog experiments). This steady state is one where the [Ca +] and [K+] are increased above their initial concentrations, and where the [Na+] and pH are decreased The reason for these groundwater compositional changes are likely due to the hydrolysis and alteration of minerals on the basalt surface ... 

While bentonite is transported by flowing, unaltered groundwater, interaction with unaltered basalt surfaces appears to agglomerate and to bind it to the basalt. 

Venus 0.75 41.4 12,104 740 96 Oxidized basaltic surface containing massive sulphides and Fe2+-FeJ minerals (e.g., magnetite, ilvaite) C02-dominated atmosphere with some CO, HC1, HF and S02 H2S04 in clouds. 

Can we be sure that the iron meteorites are indeed fragments of cores Since no differentiated asteroid has yet been visited by a spacecraft, we rely on circumstantial evidence. Some M-type asteroids have spectral characteristics expected from exposed metallic cores (Tholen, 1989), while others exhibit basaltic surfaces, a hallmark of global differentiation. Although olivine-rich mantles should dominate the volume of differentiated asteroids, there is an enigmatic lack of olivine-rich asteroids (and meteorites) that could represent mantle material (Burbine et al., 1996). Until we visit an asteroid with parts of a core-mantle boundary exposed, our best evidence supporting a core origin is detailed smdies of iron meteorites. 

Holman HY, Perry DL, Martin MC, Lamble GM, McKinney WR, Hunter-Cevera JC, (1999) Real-time characterization of biogeochemical reduction of Cr(VI) on basalt surfaces by SR-FTIR imaging. 

Effect of basalt surface on the properties of boundary layers of network... 

It was earlier shown that a layer of epoxy polymer on a metal siuface does not change the polymer condition [422, 423]. Treatment of the basalt surface with surfactant affects the glass-transition temperature of the polymer. As seen from Fig. 9.1, for a low-energy siuface (basalt, treated with surfactant) the polymer glass-transition temperature does not depend on variation of the thickness of the pol5rmer layer. 

Starting from a thickness of 0.3 x 10 m, the properties of the boundary layer of the polymer approach the voliunetric values. The data enable determination of specific changes of the retention voliune Vg with change in the film thickness. For the polymer located on the surfactant-treated basalt surface we observe a neghgible change of Vg with variation of the film thickness. When the imtreated basalt flakes with a film thickness of 0.03 x 10 m are used, we observe a sharp increase of Vg that can be explained by the decrease of structme density. Figure 9.2 presents the dependence of the thermodynamic interaction parameter of polymer solvent Xi,2 the film thickness. As is... 

At first, they looked the same, colored with black mafic basalt and glowing red magma. The original planets were all so hot that their atmospheres were driven off into space. The oceans and the air came from within. Steam condensed into oceans on each planet s cool basalt surface. 

Fig. 8.33 Left, robotic arm with MIMOS II positioned on the rock Adirondack, as seen by the navigation camera of the rover Right. Mossbauer Spectrum (14.4 keV temperature range 220-280 K) of the rock Adirondack at Spirit landing side Gusev Crater, plains. The data were taken at the as-is dusty surface (not yet brushed). The spectrum shows an olivine-basalt composition, typical for soil and rocks in Gusev plains, consisting of the minerals olivine, pyroxene, an Fe doublet, and nonstoichiometric magnetite...

Hematite in the soil is concentrated in spherules and their fragments, which are abundant on nearly all soil surfaces. Several trenches excavated using the rover wheels showed that the subsurface is dominated by basaltic sand, with a much lower abundance of spherules than at the surface. Olivine-bearing basaltic soil is present throughout the region. At several locations along the rover s traverse, sulfate-rich bedrock outcrops are covered by no more than a meter or so of soil. 

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