Bentone clays

Non-soap greases using finely divided solids as thickeners are useful as lubricants at elevated temperatures. Materials used include organO Clays such as dimethyldioctyl-decyl-ammonium bentonite (Bentone greases) or selected dyestuffs which produce brightly coloured greases. 

Ref P.P.Sharpe, "The Rifle in America, Funk Wagnails,NY(1947),38-40 Bentonite or Activated Clay. A broad term applied to material which has been derived from volcanic ash in which the mineral Montmorillonite predominates. Bentonite was first recognized in 1898 in Fort Benton(Wyoming) shales and has since been found in thick-bedded deposits over a wide area in Western US(Ref 1)... 

Several selective phases have size exclusion properties in addition to their solvent properties. A mixture of 5% of the clay Bentone 34 with 5% of a nonpolar liquid is one of the few phases that can separate the xylene isomers.33 The class of compounds known as liquid crystals also finds special application in isomer separations.34 When silver salts are incorporated into a liquid phase such as a glycol, special selectivity for olefins is obtained.35 Optical isomers have been separated by GC, and this topic is included in Chapter 11. 

Bentonite is a montmorillonite-containing clay, named after its source, Fort Benton, Mont. It is among the group of clays commonly referred to as bleaching earths which require activation by an acidic treatment process. Fuller s earth, another montmorillonite-containing clay, is not treated by any activation process before use hence its description as a raw bleaching earth . These and other adsorbent clays may be employed in the inventive process. 

Montmorillonite Clays Bentone-34, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bentonite, a derivative of montmorillonite clay, shows selectivity for positional isomers, but as the peaks tail badly it is usually employed with a high proportion of stationary liquid phase. For example, ethylbenzene and the xylenes may be separated on a column containing Bentone-34 and isodecyl phthalate in equal amounts or containing Bentone-34 and silicone. 

Sorption from Aqueous Solutions by Organic Clays I. 2, 4-D By Bentone 24... 

Bentone 24 is a partially fractionated Wyoming bentonite treated with dimethylbenzyl octadecyl ammonium chloride (DMBOA) equal to the cation exchange capacity of the clay (almost exactly 100 meq per 100 grams). The octadecyl (C-18) is replaced by a C-16 chain in about 25% of the material. 

Wyoming bentonite, a partially fractionated montmorillonite with less than 1% non-clay impurities, was used as the non-treated clay and to prepare Bentone 24. Both materials were obtained from the National Lead Company, Houston, Tex., through the courtesy of J. W. Jordan. 

Sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by Bentone 24 was rapid and occurred in considerable quantities, as shown in Figure 1. Although uncoated Wyoming bentonite had no sorption of 2,4-D within the detectable limits (less than about 0.3 mg/liter) of the analysis, the Bentone 24 sorbed about 13 mg of 2,4-D per gram of organo-clay when the equivalent of 20 mg of 2,4-D per 200 ml of aqueous solution was available. This sorption was nearly complete within 30 minutes and remained constant after 3 hours. Longer periods were used for equilibration because they were convenient. These longer periods also assured equilibrium at other temperatures used. 

Figure 1. Sorption of 2,4-D by Bentone 24 from aqueous solution containing about 5 X 10 molar Mg(HCOs)2y 50 ml volume, 0,25 gram of clay, and 5 mg 2,4-D at 20,5°C (each point an average of 4 replications)...

Table I. The Effect of Water Clay Ratios on Sorption of 2,4-D by Bentone 24 at 20.5...

Bentone 34 2-5 T reated clay Disperse with high shear. Predampen with polar liquids such as propylene carbonate. Thixotropy may be transient. (Treatment on clay may be reactive.)... 

Other thixotroping agents include Bentones and Tixogels, of which a number of grades are available, and China clay or kaolin, usually added as a filler, but which imparts thixotropy to the formulated product. Organofunctional silanes are extremely effective... 

Southern Clay Prods. Whittaker, Clark Daniels Trade Names Benaqua 4000 Benaqua 6000 Bentone AD Bentone CT Bentone HC Bentone MA Optigel S482 Optigel SH... 

Trade Names Containing Bentone EW Bentone LT Hectorite clay. See Hectorite... 

Synonyms Aluminum silicate dihydrate Aluminum silicate hydrated Aluminum silicate hydrous Aluminum silicate hydroxide Bentone Bolus alba China clay Cl 77004 Hydrated aluminum silicate Pigment white 19 Porcelain clay... 

Bentolite L-10 [Southern Clay Prods. http //www.scprod.com]] Bentolite MB-NF [Southern Clay Prods, http //www.scprod.com]] Bentolite NF [Southern Clay Prods. http //www.scprod.com]] Bentolite WH [Southern Clay Prods, http //www.scprod.com]] Bentone 52 [Elementis Spec. U.S. http //WWW. eiementis-speciaities. com] Bentonite BC 342 [Whittaker, Clark Daniels http //www.wcdinc.com]] Bentonite BC 364 [Whittaker, Clark Daniels http //www.wcdinc.com]] Bentonite BC 670 [Whittaker, Clark Daniels... 

Baragel 3000 Benathix Benathix 1-4-1 Bentolite 2422 Bentone 128 Bentone 500 Bentone SD-1 Bentone SD-2 Claytone 40 Claytone AF Claytone TG Gelwhite GP Gelwhite L Green Clay... 

An alkylaryl ammonium hectorite clay, from the BENTONE series may be also used as additive. The clay provides excellent mechanical strength, flame retardancy and highly improved gas barrier properties (32). 

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