Behavioral effects memory

Inhalation exposure to high chloroform concentrations induced narcosis (Lehmann and Flury 1943 Sax 1979) and reversible impairment of memory retrieval in animals. High, single, oral doses of chloroform caused ataxia, incoordination, anesthesia, and brain hemorrhage in mice (Balster and Borzelleca 1982 Bowman et al. 1978). Behavioral effects were observed at lower oral doses. 

Ghoneim, M.M., Hinrichs, J.V., Mewaldt, S.P. Dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of diazepam I. Learning and memory. Psychopharmacology 82, 291-295, 1984a. 

Several studies postulate that NE plays a central role in consolidation and retrieval of stress-related memory (Hurlemann et al., 2005 Mueller et al., 2008a Ouyang and Thomas 2005 van Stegeren, 2008b). The role of this activity is fear conditioning and extinction. These behavioral effects of NE are probably mediated via hippocampal p2 and a2 receptors, respectively (Davies et al., 2004 Garelick and Storm 2005). NE pathways and their role in nociception, emotions, cognition and behavior are summarized in table 2. 

There are useful tests to identify toxic effects on the peripheral nerves. Studies such as nerve conduction tests (NCSs) and electromyographic tests (EMGs) are used to identify the tingling or numbness of the hands or feet or associated muscle weakness. A set of neuropsychometric tests has also been developed to find behavioral effects of solvents in humans. These include but are not limited to (1) motor speed (2) hand steadiness (3) perceptual speed (4) reaction speed, eye-hand coordination, and manual dexterity (5) verbal and visual memory and learning and (6) cortical evoked potentials (electrical activity in the brain following sensory stimulation). ... 

Topical p-blockers have been associated with adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects, including depression, emotional lability, and sexual dysfunction. Complaints of lethargy, lightheadedness, weakness, fetigue, mental depression, dissociative behavior, and memory loss are most common. The onset of symptoms varies from a few days to months after initiation of therapy. In most cases these symptoms are mild and transient. In certain patients, however, timolol must be discontinued. 

No article was found reporting anxiolytic activity of phenolic acids. However, the anxiolytic activity of the alkaloids is known. Anxiolytic properties may be a crucial feature of newer antipsychotics associated with the improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. The indole alkaloid alstonine acts as an atypical antipsychotic in behavioral models, but differs in its dopamine and serotonin binding profile [310]. Behavioral effects of psychollatine, a glycoside indole monoterpene alkaloid isolated from Psychotria umbellate Thoim., was investigated in models of anxiety, depression, memory, tremor, and... 

A9-Tfetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC), the psychoactive constituent of Cannabis binds to a specific G-protein coupled receptor in the brain. Although the cannabinoid receptor in the rat and in the human has been cloned, its physiological function is unknown. The well established behavioral effects of THC and the abundance and anatomical localization of the receptor in the brain suggest a role for the receptor in the control of movement, memory, emotions and pain modulation, amongst other activities. 

PBDEs are estrogen disruptors and neurotoxins. They are believed to cause thyroid and neurodevelopmental effects. Short-term exposure to PBDEs interferes with thyroid function and disrupts hormonal balance. 18 Additive thyrotoxic effects were observed when PBDEs were administered to laboratory animals with PCBs or chlorinated hydrocarbons. 19 PBDE exposure has been linked to neurodevelopmental dysfunctions in children and young adults. 20 21 Administration of PBDE to 10-day-old laboratory animals resulted in impaired spontaneous motor behavior, affected learning and memory, and permanent behavioral effects. 21 ln vitro exposure of PBDE to human breast cancer cells demonstrated estrogenic potencies. 22 ... 

The neurological health of painters has been extensively studied. Painters have been found to suffer from impaired behavioral effects, I86 87 93 sensory and sensorimotor neuropathies, t89l psychiatric function,I90,91,94 and learning and memory deficiency 92 problems. In the studies just cited, as well in many other similar ones, exposures were generally low level, occurring over a period of years, and exposures were to mixtures of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals. Other studies on exposures to single... 

---