Beef protein

EFFECT OF POSTMORTEM AGING ON BEEF PROTEIN COMPOSITION ... 

Figure 5. Presentation of the change in levels of several beef proteins identified by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Electropherograms are shown in the insert. Numbers refer to the identification or name assigned to each peak.

Known allergy to any of the plague vaccine constituents (beef protein, soya, casein, phenol) contraindicates immunization. Severe local or systemic reactions following previous doses contraindicate revaccination (2). 

Amino Acid Protein Protein Flour Beef" Protein... 

On the contrary, the interaction products of oxidized lipids with food proteins are not easily moistened and emulsified, and result in deterioration of the texture after food ingestion. The functional properties of beef proteins are deteriorated by... 

Young, V.R., Wayler, A., Garza, C., Steinke, F.H., Murray, E, Rand, W.M., and Scrimshaw, N.S. (1984). A long-term metabolic balance study in young men to assess the nutritional quality of an isolated soy protein and beef proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 39 8-15. 

Feed conversions vary, but even for very efficiently produced broilers the rate is more than 4 kg of feed for 1 kg of meat, implying the transformation of at least 400 g of plant proteins into 100 g of meat protein. Protein conversion efficiencies for other domestic animals are substantially lower 10-15% for pork, and just 5-8% for beef (fig. 8.4). An equal mix of chicken, pork, and beef protein would have thus required about seven times as much plant protein to produce. Reducing America s per capita consumption of animal foods by Vs would result in cutting its nitrogen applications used to produce domestically consumed food by about The total use of fertilizer nitrogen could then decline from 7-7.5 Mt N to 5.3-5.6 Mt N. 

Free substitution of protein meals ia feeds is much more restricted than interchange of oils ia foods. Because of a good balance of essential amino acids, soybean meal is an indispensable ingredient for efficient feeding of nonmminants, eg, poultry and swine. Soybeans provide ca 60% of the world s protein meals, including fish meal (Table 14). Of the 30.0 x 10 t of soybean meal produced in the United States in 1994—1995, 24.2 x 10 t was used domestically, primarily in feeds, and 5.7 x 10 t was exported (50). In the United States, poultry consume the largest share of soybean meal, followed by swine. Lesser amounts are fed to beef and dairy catde. Soybean meal is a principal ingredient in many pet foods (see Feeds and feed additives). 

Pea.nuts, The proteins of peanuts are low in lysine, threonine, cystine plus methionine, and tryptophan when compared to the amino acid requirements for children but meet the requirements for adults (see Table 3). Peanut flour can be used to increase the nutritive value of cereals such as cornmeal but further improvement is noted by the addition of lysine (71). The trypsin inhibitor content of raw peanuts is about one-fifth that of raw soybeans, but this concentration is sufficient to cause hypertrophy (enlargement) of the pancreas in rats. The inhibitors of peanuts are largely inactivated by moist heat treatment (48). As for cottonseed, peanuts are prone to contamination by aflatoxin. FDA regulations limit aflatoxin levels of peanuts and meals to 100 ppb for breeding beef catde, breeding swine, or poultry 200 ppb for finishing swine 300 ppb for finishing beef catde 20 ppb for immature animals and dairy animals and 20 ppb for humans. 

Nutrition. Zinc is essential to the proper functioning of plants and animals and, as zinc sulfate and oxide, it is used as a feed supplement (49—51) (see Mineral nutrients Feedsand feed additives). Most crops use less than a kilogram of zinc per 1000 m per year, so that zinc salts added at 1.3—4.5 kg/ha gradually build up the zinc reserve (52). Animals, including humans, store relatively Htde available zinc and, thus, require a constant supply in the diet. For instance, beef cattle require 10—30 mg/kg dry feed, dairy cattle 40 mg/kg, and breeding hens 65 mg/kg. Zinc from plants is considered less available to monogastric aminals than zinc from animal protein. 

Commercial dried blood corpuscle paste obtained from Armour and Company, Chicago, was used in this preparation. This paste contains about 15 per cent of moisture and ash, and 200 g. contains about the same amount of crude protein as 11. of fresh beef blood (170 g. protein per liter). 

Vasopressin is contraindicated in patients with chronic renal failure, increased blood urea nitrogen, and tiiose with allergy to beef or pork proteins. 

Fig. 5. Structural comparison of the water-soluble fragments of the Rieske proteins from (a) spinach chloroplasts and (b) beef heart mitochondria. Conserved smd vEiriable regions are highlighted and the conserved /3-loop discussed in Fig. 6 is denoted by darker gray on the rear of the molecules.

Fig. 6. Sequence comparisons of Rieske proteins from spinach chloroplasts, beef heart mitochondria, green sulfur bacteria, and firmicutes. The extended insertion of proteobacterial Rieske proteins as compared to the mitochondrial one is indicated by a dotted arrow. The redox-potential-influencing Ser residue is marked by a vertical arrow. The top and the bottom sequence numberings refer to the spinach and bovine proteins, respectively. Fully conserved residues are marked by dark shading, whereas the residues conserved in the b6f-group are denoted by lighter shading.

We performed collaborative studies using the ELISA methods with model processed foods (sausage, boiled beef in an aluminum pouch, tomato sauce, biscuit, juice, and jam) containing allergen proteins. The six... 

Hale, A. B., Carpenter, C. E., and Walsh, M. K. (2002). Instrumental and consumer evaluation of beef patties extended with extrusion-textured whey proteins. /. Food Sci. 67,1267-1270. 

The second benefit of white clover is that it increases animal production, whether in terms of higher milk yield for dairy cows or faster growth rate in beef cattle and lambs. The extra production is derived from the higher intake of white clover compared with grass of the same digestibility and also from its higher protein content. 

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