Beavers

Feedstuff Feed supplements Feely-Beavers procedure Feen-a-Mint Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3xH20 FEFO... 

Acetophenone. Acetophenone [98-86-2] (methyl phenyl ketone) is a colorless Hquid that forms laminar crystals at low temperature (mp 20°C). It has a characteristic sweet orange blossom odor, and is soluble in alcohols and ethers. It is found in nature in oil of casatoreum, obtained from beavers oil of labdanum, recovered from plants and in buds of balsam poplar. It can be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction (qv) of acetyl chloride with benzene in the presence of aluminum chloride however, this route is of Htde commercial significance. 

The Feely-Beavers procedure (eq. 1) provides a method for the introduction of a cyano group (9), principally at the 2-position, to give compounds such as (14). 

Benzoic acid in the free state, or in the form of simple derivatives such as salts, esters, and amides, is widely distributed in nature. Gum benzoin (from styrax ben in) may contain as much as 20% benzoic acid in the free state or in combinations easily broken up by heating. Acaroid resin (from anthorrhoca haslilis) contains from 4.5 to 7%. Smaller amounts of the free acid are found in natural products including the scent glands of the beaver, the bark of the black cherry tree, cranberries, pmnes, ripe cloves, and oil of anise seed. Pern and Tolu balsams contain benzyl benzoate the latter contains free benzoic acid as well. The urine of herbivorous animals contains a small proportion of the glycine derivative of benzoic acid, hippuric acid [495-69-2] (CgH CONHCH2COOH). So-called natural benzoic acid is not known to be available as an item of commerce. 

Typical applications in the chemical field (Beaver, op. cit.) include detarring of manufactured gas, removal of acid mist and impurities in contact sulfuric acid plants, recovery of phosphoric acid mists, removal of dusts in gases from roasters, sintering machines, calciners, cement and lime Idlns, blast furnaces, carbon-black furnaces, regenerators on fluid-catalyst units, chemical-recoveiy furnaces in soda and sulfate pulp mills, and gypsum kettles. Figure 17-74 shows a vertical-flow steel-plate-type precipitator similar to a type used for catalyst-dust collection in certain fluid-catalyst plants. 

The predominant air pollution problem of the nineteenth century was smoke and ash from fhe burning of coal or oil in the boiler furnaces of stationary power plants, locomotives, and marine vessels, and in home heating fireplaces and furnaces. Great Britain took the lead in addressing this problem, and, in the words of Sir Hugh Beaver (3) ... 

Agricola, G., "De Re Metallica," Basel, 1556. [English translation and commentary 1 C. Hoover and L. H. Hoover, Mining Magazine, London 1912]. Dover, New York, Beaver, Sir Hugh E. C., The growth of public opinion. In "Problems and Control ( Pollution" (F. S. Mallette, ed.). Reinhold, New York, 1955. 

LDSA ANOl, 2 Beaver Valley 1,2 Big Rock Point Braidwood 1, 2 Byron 1,2 Callaway Calvert Cliffs 1.2 Comanche Peak 1,2 Crystal River 3 Davis Besse Diablo Canyon 1,2 Farley 1, 2 Fort Calhoun 1, Ginna Haddam Neck Indian Point 2, 3 Kewaunee Maine Yankee Millstone 2, 3 North Ann,i 1,2 Oconee 1. 2, 3 Palisades Palo Verde 1,2, 3 Point Beach 1, 2 Prairie Island 1, 2 Robinson 2 Salem 1, 2 . Sun Oriotre 2,3 Seabrook Shearon Harris l South Texas 1,2 St, Lucie 1,2 Summer Surry 1,2 TMI-1. liiikev Point 3, 4 Vogtie 1, 2 Waterford 3 Wolf Creek Zion 1, 2... 

Biber, m. beaver, -geil, n, castor, castoreum. -geilkampher, m, castorin. -nell, -nelle, /. burnet saxifrage (Pimptnella saxifraga). -schwanz, m. flat roofing tile. 

Smoke is taken as having a particle size of less than one pm. Dust consists of particles I-76 pm in diameter. Grit can be interpreted as particles larger than dust. These definitions were taken from the Beaver Report of November 1954 which formed the basis for the 1956 Act. 

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