Beaver fractions

Gr0nneberg, T. 0. (1978-79). Analysis of a wax ester fraction from anal gland secretion of beaver [Castorfiber) by chemical ionization mass spectrometiy. Chemical Scripta 13, 56-58. 

Finally it is possible to calculate the fractional d-character of the covalent bonds for the Transition Series metals these numbers were formerly much used by chemists to explain trends in catalytic activity, but are now little used. It is recognised that, while the model gives a qualitatively realistic picture of how the valence electrons are employed, it is an interpretation rather than an explanation, and its quantitative conclusions are unreliable. The role of the metallic orbitals is particularly mysterious they are reminiscent of the Beaver who... 

Muller-Schwarze, D., Morehouse, L., Corradi, R., Zhao, C.-H., and Silverstein, R.M. 1986. Odor images responses of beaver to castoreum fractions. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4 (Ed. by D. Duvall, D. Muller-Schwarze, and R.M. Silverstein), pp. 561—570. New York Plenum Press. 

Odor Images Responses of Beaver to Castoreum Fractions... 

ODOR IMAGES RESPONSES OF BEAVER TO CASTOREUM FRACTIONS... 

We now report results from a field experiment with fractions of a territorial odor of the North American beaver. Castor canadensis. 

For each injection, 0.1 GE of distillate was used. The glass capillaries were rinsed with 0.3 ml methanol. Each fraction and the total recombination were used in the bioassay. Male beaver GC fraction 3 was fractionated into 3 fractions (c.f.. Fig. 3) under the following GC conditions 10% Carbowax 20M on Chromosorb W-AW-DMCS 60-80 mesh, glass column 2 m x 9mm I.D., isothermal 190°C, detector 220°C, injector 180 C, N2 flow rate 80 ml/min. 

Flehmen (or lipcurl) is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine. It is seen primarily during the reproductive season and might function as a means of transport of chemicals to the vomeronasal organ (286). To elucidate the components of female urine which release the flehmen. Crump et al. (277) fractionated the urine of black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus and observed that behavioral responses disappeared completely before fractionation had reached the level of a single component. Similar results were found with beaver (287). 

Muller-Schwartze, D., L. Morehouse, R. Corradi, C. Zhao, and R.M. Silver-stein Odor Images Responses of Beaver to Castoreum Fractions. In D. Duvall, D. Muller-Schwartze and R.M. Silverstein eds. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates vol IV Ecology, Evolution and Comparative Biology. New York Plenum Press... 

Animal responses to artificial scent marks created by the investigator also can be monitored. Svendsen and Huntsman (1988) treated mounds of mud and debris along a stream with fractions of beaver castoreum. Only beavers that swam within 10 m of these mounds were included in the study. Stimuli were considered active if a beaver made a detectable change in direction or altered its behavior in relation to it. A similar approach has been used to assess woodchuck responses to oral-gland scents (Meier 1991). Scents were applied to cotton balls affixed to stakes near the entrance of an occupied burrow. 

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