Beaver castor

European beaver, Castor fiber, Germany from cadmium-contaminated estuary ... 

Common beaver, Castor canadensis Ontario, Canada 1986-87 adults near nickel smelter vs. reference site ... 

Hillis, T.L. and G.H. Parker. 1993. Age and proximity to local ore-smelters as determinants of tissue metal levels in beaver (Castor canadensis) of the Sudbury (Ontario) area. Environ. Pollut. 80 67-72. 

Beaver, Castor canadensis, heart Humans, Homo sapiens 7.3 FW 2... 

Clulow, F.V., M.A. Mirka, N.K. Dave, and T.P. Lim. 1991. 226Ra and other radionuclides in water, vegetation, and tissues of beavers (Castor canadensis) from a watershed containing U tailings near Elliot Lake, Canada. Environ. Pollut. 69 277-310. 

Until recently, most of the chemical research on the contents of these structures was directed at the identification of the constituents of castoreum. In the late 1940s Lederer [72, 73] identified 36 compounds and some other incompletely characterized constituents in castoreum of uncertain origin. Other constituents were subsequently identified in the material [74-77]. In a reinvestigation aimed specifically at the phenol content of the material, Tang et al [69] identified 10 previously unreported phenols in the castoreum from the North American beaver, Castor canadensis. Of the 15 phenols reported elsewhere, only five were confirmed in this analysis, in addition to 10 phenolic compounds that were not reported elsewhere. It was concluded that the 10 previously identified phenols that were not found in the study by Tang et al. were either absent or were not volatile enough to be detected by the methods employed. This was most probably because a relatively low maximum column temperature of only 210 °C was employed in the GC-MS analyses. The compounds identified by Lederer,... 

Beaver Castor canadensis Differential response to scent marks of relatives and strangers, phenotype matching Sun and Miiller-Schwarze, 1997... 

Beaver Castor fiber Eeces, urine, castoreum, AGS Rosell andNolet, 1997... 

FIGURE 6.12 Correlation between population density and scent marking intensity in the beaver. Castor canadensis. (From Houlihan, 1989.)... 

Meadow voles, M. pennsylvanicus, and sheep eat reed canarygrass according to the alkaloid content of the particular sample (Kendall and Sherwood, 1975 Robinson, 1979). Meadow voles also consume the more alfalfa the less saponins it contains (Kendall and Leath, 1976). Beaver, Castor canadensis, feed on the usually avoided red and Scots pines only in late winter (D. Muller-Schwarze, personal observations). It is assumed that the ratio between carbohydrates and terpenes is optimal at that time. 

Free-ranging North American beaver. Castor canadensis, feed less on experimental aspen sticks that have been treated with extracts from predator excrement or urine. Odors from the sympatric coyote and river otter, and extirpated lynx, were most effective, while those from allopatric lion and extirpated wolf odor were less active. However, these response differences between species were small (Fig. 12.2 Engelhart and Muller-Schwarze 1995). 

Bollinger, K. S. (1980). Scent marking behavior of beaver (Castor canadensis) M. Sc. Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 

Engelhart, A. and MUller-Schwarze, D. (1995). Responses of beavers Castor canadensis Kuhl) to predator chemicals. Journal of ChemicalEcology 21,1349-1364. 

Grpnneberg, T. 0. and Lee, T. (1984). Lipids of the anal gland secretion of beaver [Castor... 

Castoreum of beaver (Castor canadensis) function, chemistry and biological activity of its components. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol. 6, ed. R. L. Doty, and D. Muller-Schwarze, pp. 457-464. New York Plenum. 

Muller-Schwarze, D. and Houlihan, D. (1991). Pheromonal activity of single castoreum constituents in beaver. Castor canadensis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17, 715-734. 

Rosell, F., Bergan, F., and Parker, H. (1998). Scent marking in the Eurasian beaver [Castor fiber) as a means of territory defense. Journal of Chemical Ecology 24, 207-219. 

Svendsen., G. E. (1980). Patterns of scent-mounding in a population of beaver [Castor canadensis). Journal of Chemical Ecology 6,133-148. 

Welsh, R. G. and Miiller-Schwarze, D. (1989). Experimental habitat scenting inhibits colonization by beaver, Castor canadensis. Journal of ChemicalEcology 15,887-893. 

Castoreum p-methoxyphaiol, p-ethylphaiol, acetophencme, and l -benzenediol/armnatics and d radation products oily cream found in the sac of beavers Castor spp., Mamm. /fixative in all perfiunes, particularly leather, amber, and re perfumes Magie Noire (LancSme), Em ude (Coty), and Arpfege (Lanvin)... 

Adults, up to age 10 years Adults, age 10-17.5 years Beaver, Castor canadensis Wisconsin, 1972-75 All tissues... 

Common beaver. Castor canadensis-, Canada, 1984-87, adults, 22 Ra from watershed containing uranium tailings vs. control site Bone... 

Castoreum is an unpleasantly sharp-smelling, oily substance secreted by special glands of beavers. Castor fiber L. (Castoridae), living in Canada, Alaska, and Siberia. Both sexes secrete the substance, which accumulates in an abdominal pouch, also called castoreum. Dilute castoreum (e.g., as a tincture in ethanol) smells pleasantly of birch tar and musk and is slightly fruity. 

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