Battery grids composite

Antimony battery grids, composition, 3 52t Antimony bromide sulfide, 3 63 Antimony chloride oxide, 3 62t Antimony compounds, 3 56-87 analysis, 3 80-81 environmental impact, 3 81 health and safety factors, 3 81 inorganic, 3 57-67, 62t organoantimony compounds, 3 67—80... 

Fig. 5. Lead—Acid battery grid design variations showing A lugs, B feet, C frames, and D current carrying wire for (a) rectilinear design, (b) corner lug radial, (c) center lug radial, (d) corner lug expanded metal, and (e) plastic/lead composite.

R. T. Johnson and. R. Pierson, "The Impact of Grid Composition on the Performance Attributes of Lead—Acid Batteries," iu L. J. Pearce, ed.. Power Sources 11, International Power Sources Symposium Committee, 1987. 

FM5. Corrosion. The positive grid is subject to corrosion. The rate of this debilitating process is influenced by grid composition and microstructure, plate potential, electrolyte composition, temperature. The corrosion product is generally more electrically resistive than the grid and thus diminishes the output of the battery. In extreme cases, corrosion results in disintegration of the grid and collapse of the plate. 

All these experimental data prove that the composition of the lead alloys for positive battery grids exerts an influence not only on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the grids but also on the structure of the PAM and hence on the cycle life performance of the batteries. 

Table3.1-289 Currently preferred compositions of automotive battery-grid alloys [1.307]...

Blanyer, R., Battery Grid Structure Made of Composite Wire, U.S. Patent 4,865,933, 1989. 

The conductivity of the grid plays a substantial role in a battery s abiUty to meet high current demands. The importance of grid conductivity for lead—acid batteries has been discussed (1,69). Composition and configuration are important design factors impacting grid conductivity. 

There is no question that the development and commercialization of lithium ion batteries in recent years is one of the most important successes of modem electrochemistiy. Recent commercial systems for power sources show high energy density, improved rate capabilities and extended cycle life. The major components in most of the commercial Li-ion batteries are graphite electrodes, LiCo02 cathodes and electrolyte solutions based on mixtures of alkyl carbonate solvents, and LiPF6 as the salt.1 The electrodes for these batteries always have a composite structure that includes a metallic current collector (usually copper or aluminum foil/grid for the anode and cathode, respectively), the active mass comprises micrometric size particles and a polymeric binder. 

As positive grid corrosion is an important influence on the expected lifetime of standby batteries, there have been many investigations of the parameters that influence the corrosion rate. It has been established that many parameters influence grid corrosion and growth. The most important are (i) alloy composition (ii) grid design (iii) casting conditions (iv) positive active material (v) impurities that accelerate corrosion (vi) battery temperature and (vii) potential of the positive plate. 

Finally, the conversion of the primary metal into the product and the form which are actually utilized in the battery system should be considered. For example, the electrode materials in lead acid batteries are normally cast lead or lead-alloy grids. The materials utilized in NiCd batteries are cadmium oxide and high surface area nickel foams or meshes. Technically, all of these factors should be considered to produce a detailed life cycle analysis. However, again, these differences are generally quite small compared to the principal variables - composition, performance and spent battery disposal option. 

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