Oxide chloride, antimony

Antimony Ill) fluoride is a readily hydrolysable solid which finds use as a fluorinaling agent. Antimony(lll) chloride is a soft solid, m.p. 347 K. It dissolves in water, but on dilution partial hydrolysis occurs and antimony chloride oxide SbOCl is precipitated ... 

Mixed Metal Antimony Synergists Worldwide scarcities of antimony have prompted manufacturers to develop synergists that contain less antimony. Other metals have been found to work in concert with antimony to form a synergist that is as effective as antimony alone. Thermoguard CPA from Elf Atochem NA, which contains zinc in addition to antimony, can be used instead of antimony oxide in flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as well as some polyolefin appHcations. The Oncor and AZ products which contain siUcon, zinc, and phosphoms from Anzon Inc. can be used in a similar manner. The mixed metal synergists are 10 to 20% less expensive than antimony trioxide. 

Antimony Oxide. The effect of antimony trioxide on the oxygen index of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) containing from 20 to 50 parts of plasticizer is shown in Figure 2. The flame resistance as measured by the oxygen index increases with the addition of antimony oxide until the oxygen index appears to reach a maximum at about 8 parts of Sb202. Further addition of antimony oxide does not have any increased beneficial effect. 

Fig. 2. The effect of antimony oxide on the oxygen index of poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized with dioctyl phthalate (DOP), (—...

Alumina Trihydrate. Alumina trihydrate is usually used as a secondary flame retardant in flexible PVC because of the high concentration needed to be effective. As a general rule the oxygen index of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) increases 1% for every 10% of alumina trihydrate added. The effect of alumina trihydrate on a flexible poly(vinyl chloride) formulation containing antimony oxide is shown in Figure 5. 

Antagonism between antimony oxide and phosphoms flame retardants has been reported in several polymer systems, and has been explained on the basis of phosphoms interfering with the formation or volatilization of antimony haUdes, perhaps by forming antimony phosphate (12,13). This phenomenon is also not universal, and depends on the relative amounts of antimony and phosphoms. Some useful commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulations have been described for antimony oxide and triaryl phosphates (42). Combinations of antimony oxide, halogen compounds, and phosphates have also been found useful in commercial flexible urethane foams (43). 

A number of basic materials such as hydroxides, hydrides and amides of alkaline and alkaline earth metals and metal oxides such as zinc oxide and antimony oxide are useful catalysts for the reaction. Acid ester-exchange catalysts such as boric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and zinc chloride are less... 

Arsenic/antimony solution. Prepare a mixed solution containing approximately 115 mg arsenic and 160 mg antimony in 1 L by dissolving about 150 mg arsenic(III) oxide and 300 mg antimony(III) chloride in 6M hydrochloric acid. 

H.14 The compound Sb4OsCl2(s), which has been investigated because of its interesting electrical properties, can be prepared by warming a mixture of antimony(III) oxide and antimony(III) chloride, both of which are solids. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. 

Oxidation by Ce(IV) sulphate of antimony(III) chloride in follows a kinetic law ... 

See Other METAL PERCHLORATES, OXIDANTS 4041. Antimony(III) chloride oxide... 

See Bromine trifluoride Antimony(III) chloride oxide See related METAL HALIDES, METAL OXIDES... 

Antimony (III) chloride oxide, 4041 Antimony pentachloride, 4184 Antimony trichloride, 4157... 

Antimony has few other uses except as an alloy to harden other materials. One recent development was to add antimony oxide to polyvinyl chloride (PVC pipe) to act as a flame retardant. 

A brownish-purple solid salt, T SbCls, made by reacting thianthrene with antimony(V) chloride at room temperature in chloroform (62BCJ1137, 62JCS4963 67BCJ2539), was shown, by comparison with a methylene chloride solution of the salt, to have the radical as free in the solid as in solution (69BCJ548). Antimony(V) chloride was used to oxidize a thianthrene-containing polymer, —[T—C(Ph)=C(Ph) presumably... 

The combustion tendency of polymers in air may be reduced by the incorporation of flame retardants, such as alumina trihydrate (ATH), which releases steam when heated, or chlorinated organic compounds and antimony oxide, which produce antimony chlorides when heated together. 

More recently, salts of the triphenylmethyl cation Ph3C+ have been shown to be effective in converting the diones into pyrylium salts (61BSF538). The cation may be generated in situ, for example from triphenylmethyl chloride and antimony(V) chloride (69T1209). The r-butyl cation has been used for the same purpose (67T4001). Earlier workers considered that the synthesis involved dehydration of the diketone to a 4//-pyran followed by rapid oxidation to the pyrylium salt. In view of the successful application of Ph3C, the reaction... 

Poly (vinyl chloride). PVC is a hard, brittle polymer that is self-extinguishing. In order to make PVC useful and more pliable, plaslict/ers I qv) are added. More often than not the plasticizers are flammable and make Ihe formulation less flame-resistant. The Maine resistance of the polyf vinyl chloride) can he increased by ihe addition of an inorganic llamc-rctardunl synergist, e.g., antimony oxide, mixed metal antimony synergists, zinc borate, molybdenum oxide, zinc stannates. and alumina trihydrale. 

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