Basic Weave Patterns

Weave patterns can be displayed with weave symbols. These are codes composed of repeated patterns of weave, number of warp threads up, number of warp threads down, number of threads, and shift counter. The international standard for the construction of the weave symbol is defined in DIN ISO 9354. The first number describes the basic weave pattern, where 1 stands for plain weave, 2 for twill, and 3 for satin weave (Fig. 4.5). 

From the three basic weave patterns and their variations described below, a variety of woven structures can be designed. 

There are many types of weaving patterns for woven fabrics and the four basic types are plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, and plain reverse Dutch weave (Svarovsky 1990) as shown in Figure 22.66. The filtration performances of the four types of weaves are shown in Table 22.13. 

Twill weave A basic weave characterized by a diagonal rib or twill line. Each end floats over at least two consecutive picks, allowing a greater number of yarns per unit area than in a plain weave, while not losing a great deal of fabric stability. This pattern has better drapability than either plain or basket weaves. 

Jeong 2008) introduced the image analysis technique for finding the directions of warp and weft. He apphed the proposed method to some adorned fabrics like stripe, check, and dogtooth as well as imadomed fabrics of basic weaves to verify its efficiency and accuracy. (Kuo Su 2003) apphed gray relational analysis of the co-occurrence matrices to characterize the spatial properties of patterned fabric. However this approach is too sensitive to small variations of patterned texture and also requires intensive computation. 

The plain weave, an example of which is shown in Figure 2.3, is the most basic of fabric constructions it is also the tightest and most rigid of the elementary weave patterns and is particularly suited to multifilament or short staple yarns. In a plain weave, the warp (the yam which mns along the length of the loom) passes over and under alternate weft yams (the yams which mn across the loom). 

Due to the complex weave pattern for LAD screens, it is difficult to derive an exact solution for the flow through a LAD screen. An empirical solution from Armour and Cannon (1968) has been proposed, as well as basic computational fluid dynamics simulations from Zhang et al. (2009) for the flow through a LAD screen. Using the logic from Armour and Cannon (1968), the approximate solution is formulated as the sum of the pressure drop due to viscous (laminar) and inertial (turbulent) resistance. 

The headbox distributes the stock across the full width of the wire through a slit called the slice. The slice opening can be adjusted to give a consistent cross machine profile. The "wire" is a continuous belt made of woven polyester or similar synthetic fiber, or of phosphor-bronze for certain paper grades. Many different weave patterns are used, from the basic square weave to complex multilayer weaves designed to optimize water drainage, paper formation, and retention of fines and fillers. 

Twill weaves are characterized by a diagonal seam. On the basis of the direction of the seam, Z and S twills are distinguished. The seam is caused by shifting the first warp thread or group of threads to the upper right (or the upper left respectively). The magnitude of the shift is defined by the shift counter. Figure 4.8 shows basic twill weave patterns. 

Weave wev [ME weven, fr. OE wefan-, akin to OHGR weban to weave, Gk hyphainein to weave, hyphos web] (1581) n. A system or pattern of intersecting warp and filling yarns. There are three basic two-dimensional weaves plain, twill, and satin. 

The thermostamping process is dominated by the fabric architecture. Currently, most of the pure and hybrid woven fabrics used in textile composites are simple 2D fundamental weaves, that is, plain, twill and satin weaves, which are identified by the repeating patterns of the interlaced regions in the warp and weft directions. The plain weave is one of the most commonly used basic reinforcements for woven-fabric composites. In a plain-weave structure, one weft yarn goes over and under warp yarns as shown in Hg. 6.2. In a twill-weave structure as shown in Fig. 6.8a, each warp yam is woven over two consecutive weft yarns and under the following two weft yarns. The UC of a twiU-weave fabric is shown in Fig. 6.8b. The satin-weave fabric has good drapability, with a smooth surface and minimum thickness. One warp yarn is woven over N(N>2) successive weft yarns and then under one weft yarn. This weave structure is called an (N + l)-harness satin weave. The satin-weave fabric as shown in Fig. 6.9a is a 4-haraess satin-weave fabric, and the associated UC is shown in Fig. 6.9b. 

Woven carbon fibers are usually biaxial structures, woven at 0° eind 90° (warp and fill) in three basic patterns plain, satin, and twill. The highest frequency of yarn interlacing is found in the plain weave, followed by the twill and the satin weave. In the satin weave, the warp ends are woven overfour fill yarns and under one (five-harness satin) or over seven and under one (eight-harness satin). The property translation efficiency is the highest in satin weave, followed by twill and plain weave. Fig. 9.2 shows the plain and twill weaves. ... 

The binding system, or weave, is the basic factor that determines the character of the woven fabric. There are three main types of weave (plain, twill and satin) that are used in industrial textiles, although there are many other more complex systems. The differences among the weaves depend upon the pattern formed as the weft yams are woven over or under the longitudinal warp yams. 

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