Basic Information Entry

Emsley, John. Nature s Building Blocks An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2003. Each element has an entry. The entry provides some basic information, such as the element s properties, along with the element s applications, and its role in biomedicine, economics, and other important subjects. 

The entry for each compound in The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds follows a standard format. After the heading, an illustration representing the compound is shown followed by a listing of basic information ... 

Basic information for this entry from "Steam — Its Generation and Use." copyright The Babcock Wilcox Co.. New York (J9th edition. 1978). 

This entry introduces readers to the fundamentals of gas explosions, and basic information on how to identify, assess, and eliminate or control gas explosion hazards in their facilities. Any further detailed information regarding the subjects that are covered in this entry may be obtained from the references. 

Where sufficient toxicologic information is available, we have derived minimal risk levels (MRLs) for inhalation and oral routes of entry at each duration of exposure (acute, intermediate, and chronic). These MRLs are not meant to support regulatory action but to acquaint health professionals with exposure levels at which adverse health effects are not expected to occur in humans. They should help physicians and public health officials determine the safety of a community living near a chemical emission, given the concentration of a contaminant in air or the estimated daily dose in water. MRLs are based largely on toxicological studies in animals and on reports of human occupational exposure. MRL users should be familiar with the toxicologic information on which the number is based. Chapter 2.5, "Relevance to Public Health," contains basic information known about the substance. Other sections such as 2.8, "Interactions with Other Substances, and 2.9, "Populations that are Unusually Susceptible" provide important supplemental information. 

The CAS number for a chemical is probably listed on the label if you are retrieving a chemical from the bottle or container in which it was received from a chemical supply company. But, to more generally find a CAS number, it is easy to access reliable web sites. Examples of two such web sites are Chemlndustry.com (http //www.chemindustry.com/ apps/chemicals) and the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (http //webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/). At these sites you can search by name or formula to find a CAS number. Safety Data Sheets (Section 3.1.3) will also have the CAS number. See the SDS in Appendix A and look in Section 1 to find the CAS number. And this is one instance where you can probably also trust the Wrkipedia information about a chemical In fact, for Wikipedia entries about chemicals you will notice that in the boxed column of basic information about the chemical, you will find a green check mark (/) to indicate that the entry has been verified. 

This book is intended to work like a short course. The material is presented in a progressive sequence, and the tone is informal. You may notice that the discussions are paced more slowly than usual for a book of this kind. There is also a certain amount of repetition. No apologies are offered for this—it is deliberate. Remember, the purpose of this book is to get you past the "entry barrier" and "up-to-speed" on the basics. This book is not intended to teach you everything you wanted to know about. An extensive bibliography, organized by topic, has been provided to help you explore material beyond the scope of this book. Selected topics are also treated in more detail in the Appendices. 

In conclusion it can be stated that the basic assumptions of the re-entry model — a linear relationship between application rate and initial dislodge-able foliar residue and a first-order decay of the DFR — have been confirmed. The relationship between the transfer factor and re-entry time at various DFR levels should be explored further. Including information on foliage surface area or crop density may lead to a refinement of the model however, crop volume estimating methods should be improved before their influence on the exposure processes can be fully evaluated. 

Chemical Elements is arranged alphabetically by element name. All entries open with an overview section designed to introduce students to the basics of the element. Each entry then contains specific information in the following categories ... 

The objective of this section is to introduce the BFS-based methodology for a detailed study of the most important features of surface alloy formation. The methodology assumes no a priori information on the system at hand. The only input necessary consists of the basic parameterization of the participating elements and lattice structures needed, as described in Sec. 2, and a catalogue of atomic distributions, where each configuration represents a state accessible by the system under study. Each entry in the catalogue is a computational cell popu-... 

A digitized representation of powder data is quite compact and is especially convenient for comparison with other patterns, provided a suitable database is available. In addition to a digitized pattern, each entry in such a database may (and usually does) contain symmetry, imit cell dimensions, and other useful information phase name, chemical composition, references, basic physical and chemical properties, etc. Powder diffraction databases find substantial use in both simple identification of compounds (qualitative analysis) and in quantitative determination of the amounts of crystalline phases present in a mixture (quantitative analysis). 

This text is a comprehensive collection of concise and readable explanations of basic principles in toxicology and the potential hazards of chemicals. It contains more than 1000 entries, including entries related to research and clinical toxicology, risk assessment, ecotoxicology, epidemiology, radiation, noise, information resources, organizations, and education. As with the 1st edition, this volume is extensively cross-referenced, contains a detailed index, and provides numerous references to primary and secondary literature. 

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