Ballpoint pen inks

Uses Manufacture of esters for use in perfumes, flavors, soaps, lotions, ointments photographic developer for color movie films dying nylon filament, textiles, and sheet plastics solvent for dyestuffs, cellulose, esters, casein, waxes, etc. heat-sealing polyethylene films bacteriostat, insect repellant emulsions ballpoint pen inks and stencil inks surfactant. 

Mustard agents Lubricant additives ballpoint pen ink manufacture of plastics, paper and rubber photographic developing solutions, textile dyes, pesticides, chlorinating agents, engineering plastics, cosmetics, detergents, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, waxes and polishes, toiletries, cement additives, resins. 

Figure 2. (top) TLC of blue ballpoint pen inks and one gold ballpoint pen ink. (bottom) Above, under UV light. 

Inks— Mannich bases derived from naphthol and benzotriazole are additives providing dispersant and anticorrosion properties for intaglio printing and ballpoint pen inks, respectively. 

The elemental composition is useful for characterisation of inorganic pigments and organic dyes. However, a database is needed for their identification. In all ballpoint pen inks, sulfur, copper, silicon and phosphorus are present in the elemental composition. Some samples also contain zinc, chlorine, bromine and calcium. In black inks, chromium and lead are additionally found. Samples differ with respect to the elemental composition quantitatively rather than the qualitatively. A greater variability in elemental content is observed for gel inks. 

Trail pheromones of termites can be mimicked by traces of ballpoint pen ink (Chen et al. 1998). Bine Papermate ball point pens work best. The scent trail must be fresh. Provide such ballpoint pen ink trails that are just made, and 30, 60, 90 and 120 s old. 

Chen J, Henderson G, Laine RA (1998) Isolation and identification of a 2-phenoxyethanol from a ballpoint pen ink as a trail-following substance of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes sp. J Entomol Sci 33 97-105... 

Products and Uses Utilized in perfumes, flavors, antibacterials, cosmetics, ointments, ballpoint pen ink, stencil ink, and hair dye preservative. Used as a flavoring, odorant, solvent, preservative, and pharmaceutical. 

Products and Uses An additive for cosmetics (up to 5%), printing inks, wood stains, adhesives, tobacco, ballpoint pen inks, stamp pad inks, and synthetic waxes also for airplanes and runways. Extremely varied uses include as coolant, antifreeze, deicer, and moisturizer. 

Benzyl alcohol [100-51-6] is miscible with organic solvents apart from aliphatic hydrocarbons. It dissolves cellulose esters and ethers, fats, oils, alkyd resins, natural and synthetic resins, and colorants. Polymers—with the exception of lower poly(vinyl ethers) and poly(vinyl acetates)—are not dissolved. Small amounts of benzyl alcohol improve the flow and gloss paints, delay the evaporation of other solvent components, and have a plasticizing effect in physically drying paints. It is used in ballpoint pen inks. Benzyl alcohol reduces the viscosity in two-pack epoxy resin systems. 

Paper (which is primarily cellulose), printing ink, writing ink, and photocopy toners have all been analyzed by pyrolysis, sometimes independently as pure materials and sometimes intact as a fragment of a document. Zimmerman et al. used pyrolysis-GC to extend the specificity of toner identification in photocopies. Ballpoint pen ink, various papers, and photocopy toners have been analyzed using a combination of headspace sampling and pyrolysis by Wampler and Levy. ... 

Weyermann, C. Marquis, R. Mazzella, M. Spengler, B. Differentiation of blue ballpoint pen inks by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and high performance thin layer chromatography. J. Forens. Sci. 2007, 52, 216-220. 

Figure 3.2. The ballpoint pen ink in a typical signature might have a mass of 6 X 10 u.

Andrasko, J. "HPLC Analysis of Ballpoint Pen Inks Stored at Different Light Conditions." Journal of Forensic Sciences 46 (2001), 21-30. 

M Figure 12.7 IR spectra illustrating features used to divide sample inks into two populations. Reproduced with permission from Wang, F., et ai, "Systematic Analysis of Bulk Blue Ballpoint Pen Ink by FTIR Spectrometry. Journal of Forensic Sciences 46 (2001), 1093-1097. Copyright 2001 ASTM International. 

M Figure 12.14 HPLC chro matogram of ballpoint pen ink types a) and b) from January to August and September to December, respectively. The ink types are distinguishable by the different concentration ratios of crystal violet (HP, at... 

Merrill, R A., tnd E. G. Baitick. "Analysis of Ballpoint Pen Inks by EKffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37 (1992), 528-541. 

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