Pseudomonas bacterial cells

Fig. 17.3 Magnetic hyperfine field (left) and width of the outer lines of the sextets (right) obtained from Mossbauer spectra of ferritins, isolated from human spleen, limpet hemolymph and bacterial cells Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as a function of temperature (Webb St.Pierre, 1989 with permission).

Odham et al. (1988) compared plasmaspray with thermospray by using ammonium acetate as a buffer, where PSP required no addition of buffer prior to ionization. The total ion current obtained in PSP was significantly higher than previously reported for TS (filament-on). No or very few molecular ions were observed as a result of the harder ionization in PSP compared with TS. Diacylglycerol- and monoacylglycerol-derived fragments of phospholipids were obtained. Cation-exchange HPLC separated PI and PE in a phospholipid extract from bacterial cells Pseudomonas fluorescens). Furthermore, PC, PE, PA, PS, cardiolipin (CL) and polyphosphoinositides (PIP and PIP-2) were also studied. 

Valeur, Michelsen and Odham (1993) showed how diacylglycerol- and monoacylglycerol-derived fragments of phospholipids were obtained. PG and PE were found in a phospholipid extract from bacterial cells Pseudomonas fluorescens). They achieved class separation of the phospholipids but did not apparently separate molecular species (Fig. 9.6). Collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MS-MS analyses of PI from soybean were performed which revealed specific fatty acid compositions of the selected diacylglycerol-derived fragment. 

Meropenem (Merrem IV) inhibits syndiesis of die bacterial cell wall and causes die deadi of susceptible cells. This drug is used for intra-abdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and odier susceptible organisms Meropenem also is effective against bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Hemophilus influenzae. 

Microorganisms. A strain of Pseudomonas putida (ATCC, 17484 Med.-3 colony type) was cultured in 250-ml flasks containing 100 ml of the modified Fred-Waksman (9 ) medium. Flasks were inoculated from the stock culture and kept at room temperature for 3 days with continuous shaking. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 6,000 g for 10 minutes. 

The hydrophobic waxy cuticle of plants can inhibit the movement and accessibility of nutrients to bacterial cells. However, biosurfactants produced by the majority of epiphytic Pseudomonas spp. decreases the water tension, enabling relatively free movement across the leaf surface to nutrient sources and natural openings such as stomata. Pseudomonas are also known to release a toxin called syringomycin that can produce holes in the plant cell membrane allowing access to intracellular nutrients without necessarily resulting in disease symptoms (Cao et al.r 2005). 

While Mg2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ are all found in bacterial cell walls, Ca2+ seems to be of particular importance in stabilization, probably because of its special ability to bridge carboxylate groups. Incubation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with EDTA removes the Ca2+ and gives osmotically fragile species, which can be restored by addition of Ca2+. 

U V-resonance Raman spectroscopy is not only used for bacterial identification but also to study the influence of antibiotics on bacterial cells. The mode of action of amikacin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells was studied by Lopez-Diez et al. [83], Neugebauer et al. monitored the effect of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin on the chemical composition of B. purnilus and Staphylococcus epidermidis [62, 84],... 

The processes are based on whole bacterial cells. In the case of the pipecolic acid, an important building block for pharmaceutical chemistry, an S-selective amidase in Pseudomonas fluorescens cells, catalyses the reaction with high selectivity and the acid is obtained with an ee >99% (Scheme 6.27A). For the preparation of piperazine-2-carboxylic acid from the racemic amide a R- and a S-selective amidase are available. Utilising Klebsiella terrigena cells the S-enantiomer is prepared with 42% isolated yield and ee > 99%, while Burkholderia sp. cells catalyse the formation of the -enantiomer (ee=99%, Scheme 6.27 B). 

Bacteria can readily affect complex reaction sequences requiring cofactors. For example, an electrode for nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is practical only because pseudomonas bacterial cells contain all of the enzymes and cofactors necessary to execute the sequence of reactions on which the electrode response is based. The underlying gas electrode for ammonia responds to NH3 formed in the last reaction, which is proportional to the concentration of NTA in the sample. 

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that binds certain metals, especially iron and copper, which are essential to the nutrition of certain microorganisms. In this manner, it is a strong booster or enhancer of the activity of preservatives especially the parabens. Alone, it has the ability to increase the permeability of the bacterial cell wall and can kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli by this activity effective concentration is 0.05-0.10%. 

---