Bacteria species

Biological testing of these compounds against some Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria species showed that all prepared substances had a remarkable bacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. 

Tetrachoroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) is the only chlorinated ethene that resists aerobic biodegradation. This compound can be dechlorinated to less- or nonchlorinated ethenes only under anaerobic conditions. This process, known as reductive dehalogenation, was initially thought to be a co-metabolic activity. Recently, however, it was shown that some bacteria species can use PCE as terminal electron acceptor in their basic metabolism i.e., they couple their growth with the reductive dechlorination of PCE.35 Reductive dehalogenation is a promising method for the remediation of PCE-contaminated sites, provided that the process is well controlled to prevent the buildup of even more toxic intermediates, such as the vinyl chloride, a proven carcinogen. 

Encouraged by this spectral reproducibility, we focused our efforts on the particularly challenging problem of distinguishing bacterial strains by MALDI MS. We developed a modified correlation approach22 that relies on two fundamental qualities of bacterial mass spectra. First, because different bacterial strains of the same species have substantial, if not complete, genetic overlap, most of the protein masses observed with two different strains will be identical. This feature limits the value of the biomarker approach that is commonly used to differentiate bacteria species. Second, as just noted, closely controlled sample preparation and mass analysis procedures can result in highly reproducible results.22 The modified correlation approach takes advantage of subtle, yet reproducible, differences in mass spectra obtained from dif-... 

Each salt-tolerant bacteria species yielded comparable BOD values for each organic standard conducted at three salt concentrations. Population increased and the rates of biological oxidation were similar at the three salt concentrations and when using either the standard dilution water or the saline dilution water. 

Brucellosis Disease caused by Brucella melitensis, B. mis, B. abortus, or B. canis bacteria species. 

The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. Species from several genera including Hydrogenomonas, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes oxidize H2 with oxygen ... 

Diols such as the optically active 1,1 -binaphthyl-2-2 -diol (BINOL) have been used as versatile templates and chiral auxiliaries in catalysts employed successfully in asymmetric synthesis. The application of enzymes in the enantioselective access to axially dissymmetric compounds was first reported by Fujimoto and coworkers.83 In aqueous media, the asymmetric hydrolysis of the racemic binaphthyl dibutyrate (the ester) using whole cells from bacteria species afforded the (A)-diol with 96%ee and the unreacted substrate (A)-ester with 94% ee at 50 % conversion. Recently, in non-aqueous media, lipases from Pseudomonas cepacia and Ps. fluorescens have been employed in the enantioselective resolution and desymmetrization of racemic 6,6 -disubstituted BINOL derivatives using vinyl acetate.84 The monoacetate (K)-73 (product) was obtained in 32-44 % chemical yields and 78-96% ee depending on the derivatives used. The unreacted BINOL (S)-72 was obtained in 30-52 % chemical yield and 55-80% ee. 

At the moment, there is no data concerning the compatibility of exocellular proteolytic, amylolytic enzymes and exopolysaccharides and amylopectin, and between exopolysaccharides of different intestinal bacteria species and exopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharides covering gut wall villae. 

Normally, food and chyme are phase-separated systems, but only the first steps have been taken towards understanding the phase behaviour of food polymers in food processing and practically nothing in food digestion. The effects of thermodynamic compatibility of mucopolysaccharides, food fibers and exopolysaccharides of different bacteria species on selection of microflora in the intestine and colon have not been studied yet. The mechanisms of bacterial colonization of the intestine and peristaltic transportation of chyme also remain unstudied. 

Fig. 2.3 RAPD-PCR fingerprinting of different wine lactic acid bacteria species (CRA-Istituto Sperimentale per I Enologia)...

Brettanomyces yeast species and two Lactobacillus bacteria species were responsible for the mousiness in wines. The taint was produced by each class of microorganisms only in the presence of lysine and ethanol. The two 2-acetyltetrahydopyridine (ACTPY) isomers produced a "mousiness" described by Heresztyn as possessing an extremely unpleasant taste and odor the odor was described as bready, cracker-like, and popcom-like. Others have described the aroma as "a most disgusting smell reminiscent of mouse urine or acetamide"(82). 

Since the first isolation of a reaction center preparation from the membrane of a facultative photosynthetic bacterium [6] our knowledge on the structure and function of these complexes has made great advances. Today the RC from purple bacteria, and particularly from the carotenoid-less strain R26 of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, are by far the best known examples of photosynthetic complexes studied. Other RC from different bacteria species have also been studied and differences in components sometimes observed these differences will be mentioned below, whenever necessary, while discussing the properties of the preparations from Rp. sphaeroides R26. 

Similarly as in the case of limonene enantiomers, investigations were carried out into the enantiomers of the a- pinene [79]. Activity investigations were performed in relation to 25 different bacteria species. 

To, B.C.S. and Etzel, M.R. Spray drying, freeze drying or freezing of three different lactic acid bacteria species, /. Food Scl, 62, 576,1997. 

The contamination of pasteurized products is usually caused by specific bacteria species that exist in the raw material and environment. The current sterility test for pasteurized products is that the products are incubated and then applied and cultured... 

The acylation of 6-APA with a,a-disubstituted aryl acetic acids yielded penicillins carrying a substituent on the a or benzylic carbon of the R side chain. Those of particular interest were penicillins carrying the polar -NH2 group (i.e., a-aminobenzyl penicillins) (Table 6-2, No. 13). The fact that this compound was acid stable and orally absorbed was not particularly novel (see penicillin V). Its antistaphylococcal activity was 25-60% less than that of penicillin G (the D-isomer was more active than the racemic d, l). However, its antibacterial spectrum was dramatically different. Ampicillin s spectrum, unlike previous penicillins, encompassed many important Gm- bacteria. Species of Hemophilus, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia succumbed to ampicillin. Even though resistant... 

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