Enumeration bacteria

Tuohy, K.M., Finlay, R.K., Wynne, A.G., and Gibson, G.R., A human volunteer study on the prebiotic effects of HP-inulin-faecal bacteria enumerated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), Ecol. Environ. Microbiol., 7, 113-118, 2001. 

White DC, Bobbie RJ, Herron JS, King JD, Morrison SJ (1979) In Costerton JW, Colwell RR (eds) Native aquatic bacteria, enumeration, activity, and ecology, ASTM STP 695. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, p 69... 

Costerton, J. W., and Colwell, R. R., Native Aquatic Bacteria Enumeration, Activity and Ecology, (STP 695), Philadelphia, American Society for Tfesting and Materials, 1977. 

The water analysis is incomplete unless the number of coliform bacteria present is determined as well. A multiple-tube fermentation technique can be used to enumerate positive presumptive, confirmed, and fecal coliform tests. Results of the tests are expressed in terms of the most probable number (MPN). That is, the count is based on a statistical analysis of sets of tubes in a series of serial dilutions. MPN is related to a sample volume of 100 ml. Thus, an MPN of 10 means 10 coliforms per 100 ml of water. 

Wilson JT, McNabb JF, Balkwill DL, et al. 1983a. Enumeration and characterization of bacteria indigenous to a shallow water-table aquifer. Ground Water 21 134-142. 

Bogardt AH, BB Hemmingsen (1992) Enumeration of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria by an overlay technique and its use in evaluation of petroleum-contaminated sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 2579-2582. 

Wachenheim DE, RE Hespell (1984) Inhibitory effects of titanium(III) citrate on enumeration of bacteria from rumen contents. Appl Environ Microbiol 48 444-445. 

W. Yu, W. K. Dodds, M. K. Banks, J. Skalsky, and E. A. Strauss, Optimal staining and sample storage time for direet micro.scopic enumeration of total and active bacteria in soil with 2 fluore.scent dyes, Appl. Environ. Microbial. 61 3367 (1995). 

When the bacteria to be detected are less than 1% of the total population in a sample, IFAs cannot be used because of interference from unrelated particles that are concentrated when large volumes of sample are filtered. To overcome this problem, the organism of interest may be concentrated by immunomagnetic separation.10,51 62 For this procedure magnetic beads coated with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are mixed with the sample. The beads are collected with a magnet, and the cells attached to the beads then are removed, enumerated, and identified by IFAs. 

Wren AB, Venosa AD (1996) Selective enumeration of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria by a most-probable-number procedure. Can J Microbiol 42 252-258... 

Zuberer DA. Recovery and enumeration of viable bacteria. In Hickelson SH (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. Madison, WI Soil Science Society of America 1994, pp. 119-158. 

For the past 50 years the determination of the sanitary quality of water has been based on the enumeration of indicator micro-organisms (e.g. coliform bacteria). The adequacy of coliform enumeration methods for this purpose has been questioned [21]. The current trend of year-round disinfection of waste water effluents and the increasing discharge of both toxic substances and heat from industrial outfalls cast further doubt on the accuracy of biological indicator systems [22]. 

Galvin S, Boyle F, Hickey P et al (2010) Enumeration and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria in effluent from municipal, hospital, and secondary treatment facility sources. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(14) 4772-4779... 

Whatever medium is used as part of the agar, some bacteria that are present in the respective environment will not grow as they will be nonculturable. It has been shown repeatedly that the number of bacteria in any environmental sample that grow on medium are several orders of magnitude less that those enumerated using direct counting. 

Jjemba P.K., B.K. Kinkle, and J.R. Shann (2006). In situ enumeration and probing of pyrenedegrading soil bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 55 287-298. 

Feng P, Weagant SD, Grant MA (1998) Enumeration of Escherichia coh and the Coliform Bacteria, in Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Edn. 8 - Revision A, Chapter 4, US Eood and Drug Administration... 

One strain has been isolated from the regenerative section of a heat exchanger which grew very rapidly in single strength juice at 49°C (24). The enumeration of bacteria before and after heat exchangers is especially important when reprocessing bulk concentrate into citrus juice from concentrate. 

Montagna, P.A., 1982. Sampling design and enumeration statistics for bacteria extracted from marine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 43 1366-1372. 

Richaume, A., C. Steinberg, and L.J. Monrozier (1993). Differences between direct and indirect enumeration of soil bacteria The influence of soil structure and cell location. Soil Biol. Biochem., 25 641-643. 

IV. Table II summarizes sulfate reduction rate data at both Third Sister and Frains Lakes and indicates a range of 0.7 to 3.2 mg S L 1 d 1 and a mean of 1.7 at both stations for 23 determinations. Table III includes data from putrefactive hydrogen sulfide production at the two lakes showing that rates varied from 0.13 at Frains Lake to 1.51 mg S L1 d 1 at Third Sister with a mean of approximately 0.4 mg S L 1 d 1. Hydrogen sulfide contributions from putrefaction, summarized in Table IV, were found to range from 5.1 to 53.0 percent with means of 27.6, 18.3 and 11.1 percent for Thira Sister West, East and Frains sites respectively. Although the sulfate reduction values are similar to those obtained by others (0.01-15 mg S L 1 d-1 14), there are no other putrefactive data with which to compare the values of Table III. Microbial enumeration data averaged 5 x 102 and 2 x 104 cells mL 1 for sulfate reducers and proteolytic bacteria respectively. These values are similar to those obtained by others (14). 

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