Overlay techniques

Bogardt AH, BB Hemmingsen (1992) Enumeration of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria by an overlay technique and its use in evaluation of petroleum-contaminated sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 2579-2582. 

Figure 5.8 Quantification of bacterial virus by plaque assay using the agar overlay technique.

Figure I. Separation of PGM and AK electrophoresis was done for 22 hr at 6.5 V/cm at 4°C in a 1 mm, 14% starch gel prepared in JM Tris, EDTA, maleic acid, MgCl, = 7.4 tank buffer diluted 1 10. The PGM side of the gel was stained at 1-2 hours before the AK using an agar overlay technique at 37°C. The visualized bands are precipitated with fotmazan.

Janssen, A., et al. "Screening for Antimicrobial Activity of Some Essential Oils by the Agar Overlay Technique." Pharm Weekhl (Sci Ed) 8(6) 289292, 1986. Abstract. 

Overlay techniques have a long history of use in environmental planning being ideally suited for consideration of spatial aspects. They rely on a set of maps of environmental characteristics (physical, social, ecological and aesthetic) that are overlaid to produce a composite characterisation of the local environment. A modem version of the overlay method is the computer-based geographical information system (GIS). In simple terms, a GIS stores, retrieves, manipulates and displays environmental data in a spatial format. A set of maps or overlays of a given area provide different types of information and scales of resolution. The main drawbacks are the lack of appropriate data and the expense of creating a usable system. 

Augmented reality is a form of mixed reality where the live view of a real-world environment is enhanced by virtual (interactive) overlay techniques. The original publication that introduced the term was stated as the opposite of VR use computers to augment objects in the real world instead of using computers to enclose people in an artificial world (Wellner et al. 1993). 

The overlay technique is one way to fit a large program into a small memory, but it did not address the need to allow subroutines whose variables as well as line numbers were private. Such subroutines could then be treated as black boxes and used without regard to possible conflicts in variable names between the subroutine and the main program. Since this kind of subroutine could not share the variables of the main program, information must be passed to the subroutine, and answers returned, through a set of special variables called parameters. Dartmouth BASIC in 1970 was one of the first versions to include external subroutines with parameters. For many years it remained almost the only version to include this capability. 

Otto, J. J. (1983) Detection of vinculin-binding proteins with an I-vinculin gel overlay technique./. Cell Biol. 97, 1283-1287. 

Meisen, I., Mormann, M., and Muething, J. 2011. Thin layer chromatography, overlay technique and mass spectrometry A versatile triad advancing glycosphingolipidomics, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1811 875-896. 

Janssen, A.M., N.L.J. Chin, J.J.C. Scheffer et al., 1986. Screening for antimicrobial activity of some essential oils by the agar overlay technique. Pharmacy World Sci., 8 289-292. 

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