Propane, 2,2 -azobis 2-

When aqueous solutions of the polymerisation initiators 2,2/-azobis(2-amidinio-propane) chloride and sodium peroxodisulfate are mixed, the title compound separates as a water insoluble shock-sensitive salt. The shock-sensitivity increases as the moisture level decreases, and is comparable with that of lead azide. Stringent measures should be used to prevent contact of the solutions outside the polymerisation environment. (The instability derives from the high nitrogen (21.4%) and oxygen (31.6%) contents, and substantial oxygen balance, as well as the structural factors present in the salt.)... 

Combining thianthrene radical ion(l+) with free radicals to produce thianthrenium salts has also been achieved. Decomposition of various cumene hydroperoxides (83MI6) and of azobis(2-phenoxy-2-propane) (85MI1) gave 5-arylthianthrenium ions together with 5-(propen-2-yl)thianthrenium perchlorate in the latter case. 

Joshi G, Perluigi M, Sultana R, Agrippino R, Calabrese V, Butterfield DA. 2006. In vivo protection of synaptosomes by ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) from oxidative stress mediated by 2,2-azobis(2-amidino-propane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) or Fe(2 +)/ H(2jO(2) Insight into mechanisms of neuroprotection and relevance to oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 48 318-327. 

SCHEME 11.1 Native chemical ligation and a concept using amino acid having thiol at the (i position. Acm, acetamidomethyl PG, protecting group VA-044,1,2 - azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride. 

Abbreviations acac. Acetyl acetonate AIBN, 2,2-azobis(isobutyro) nitrile bae, dianion of A,iV -ethylenebis(acetylacetoneimine) bdhc, 1,19-dimethyl-AD-bisdehydrocorrinato bdm 1,3 pn, bis(l,3-diacetylmonoximeimino)propane bipy, bipyridyl Bz, Benzyl CIDNP, chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization cod, cyclooctadienyl COD, cyclooctadiene Cp, Cp, ij-CsMes CT, charge transfer diphos, P(Ph)2CH2CH2P(Ph)2 dmgH,... 

Regarding the initiation process of polymerization, it can be started by y-radiation. It is a method that has been used for the synthesis of hydrogels of PEO as well as hydrogels based on vinyl monomers " in this latter case, azo-compounds such as 2,2-azo-isobutyroni-trile (AIBN)f or 2,2 -azobis (2-amidine-propane) dihydrochloride or V-SO, and aqueous salt solutions such as aqueous ammonium peroxodisulfate are also used. Among the monomers most used in the preparation of hydrogels through free-radical polymerization are 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and A-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP). ... 

Thin layer chromatography Thiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic acid Ultra violet spectroscopy 2-Methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride 2,2 -Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride... 

This methodology was applied to synthesis of 2/,3/-didehydro-2/,3/-dideoxy-nucleosides, potent anti-HIY agents. The bis-xanthate of the V3-methyluridine derivative was subjected to radical reaction conditions in water, giving the corresponding alkene in 82% yield. Similar results were also achieved in the case of the adenosine derivative (76% yield). However, Kita et al. found that the combination of a water-soluble radical initiator, 2,2 -azobis[2-(2-imid-azolin-2-yl)propane] (VA-061), a water soluble chain carrier, 1-ethylpiperidine hypophosphite (EPHP), and a surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), resulted in a radical cyclisation that occurred in water with a variety of hydrophobic substrates16 (Table 5.2). 

AAPM = 2, 2 -azobis (2-amidino propane) dihydrochloride. BPV-4 = Bovine Papilloma Virus type 4. 

Aqueous gelcasting of SiC was carried out using dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as the monomer, and A,A -melhylenebisacryIamide(MBAM,AIdrich) as the crosslinker. The initiator here we used was 2,2 -azobis[2-(2-imidazolin- 2-yl)propane] (AZIP), a kind of water soluble azo-initiator. Commercially available SiC powder (FCP-15, Saint-Gobain Ceramics Department, Norton, Norway) produced by the Acheson method was used in this study. The average particle size and a... 

Both molecular mass and sulfate content of fucoidan played very important roles in the effects on the azo radicals 2-2 -azobis (2-amidino-propane)dihydrochloride-induced LDL oxidation (Li et al., 2006). The correlation between the sulfate content and scavenging superoxide radical ability was positive, the ratio of sulfate content/fucose was an effective indicator to antioxidant activity of the samples (Wang et al., 2008). 

The same group reported indium-mediated tandem radical addition-cyclization-trap reactions in aqueous media [52c], The use of water-soluble radical initiator 2,2 -azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane], water-soluble chain carrier 1-ethyl-piperidinium hypophosphite (EPHP) and surfactant cetylammonium bromide (CTAB) allowed the C-C bond-forming radical reactions of highly hydrophobic substrates in water [53], Similarly, the use of CTAB and EPHP in presence of 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) promoted the indium-mediated radical addition to P-substituted conjugated alkenes in water [54]. 

ABTS radical anions were used according to the method of (Kim et al., 2003). In brief, 1.0 mM of 2, 2 -azobis (2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), a radical initiator, was mixed with 2.5 mM ABTS in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and the mixed solution was heated in a water bath at 68 °C for 13 min. The resulting blue-green ABTS solution was adjusted to the absorbance of 0.650 + 0.020 at 734 nm with additional phosphate-buffered saline. 20 il of sample were added to 980 (iL of the ABTS radical solution. The mixture incubated in a 37°C water bath under restricted light for 10 min. A control (20 iL 50% methanol and 980 mL of ABTS radical solution) was run with each series of samples. The decrease of the absorbance at 734 nm was measured (Cary 50 Scan UV-Visible apparatus) at an endpoint after 10 min. Total antioxidant capacity of plant parts is expressed as mg / g of dry weight of vitamin C equivalents (VCEAC). The radical stock solution had to be freshly prepared and all measurements of the tested samples were repeated at least three times. 

The group of azoesters considered as initiators of polyethylene crosslinking includes commercially available 2,2 azobis (2-acetoxy propane) and 2,2 azobis (2-acet-oxybutane). Primary homolysis of 2,2 azobis (2-acetoxypropane)... 

The effects of initiator in a dispersion polymerization have not yet been adequately described by theory [35], but in practice an increase in the concentration of initians- leads to an increase in particle size in almost eveiy system so far studied [3]. Tuncel [26] et al. found that the increase occurred when styrene was polymerized using azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as initiator in aqueous mixtures of propan-2-ol, butan-l-ol or butan-2-ol, although the magnitude of the effect varied with solvent ratio. Figure 22.5 shows the effect of increased initiator concentration in the styrene/aqueous ethanol system for a varieQr of initiators and stabilizers. 

Acrylamide was successfully polymerized in a supercritical inverse emulsion composed of an ethane-propane mixture as the continuous phase, water and acrylamide as the dispersed phase, and a mixed nonionic surfactant system as the emulsifier [86], AIBN [2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile)] was the initiator. The polymerization was subsequently repeated in supercritical CO2 [87]. The C02-philic surfactant used to produce the inverse emulsion was an amide, end-capped poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide). The process yielded polymers of average molecular weights from 5 x 10 to 7 x 10. ... 

Another promising application of supercritical microemulsions is in the broad area of polymerization reactions. An example of one such system is in the work by Beckman et al. [41,74]. In this study, acrylamide monomer dissolved in the surfactant interfacial region of a supercritical ethane-propane microemulsion was catalyzed by azobis(isobutylnitrile) (AIBN) dissolved in the reverse micelle core to produce the micelle-soluble polyacrylamide. 

Azobis [2- [N-(4-chlorophenyl) amidino] propane] dihydrochloride. See 2,2 -Azobis [N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride... 

Storage Store below 10 C out of direct sunlight Uses Polymerization initiator Trade Name Synonyms VAm-111 [Wako Pure Chem. Ind. http //www.wako-chem.co.jp/english/, Wako Chem. USA] 2,2 -Azobis (N,N -dimethyleneisobutyramidine) CAS 20858-12-2 EINECS/ELINCS 244-085-4 Synonyms 2,2 -Azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane]... 

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