Azo oil dyes

The Interaction Betweai Azo Oil Dyes and Mixed Surfactant Systems... 

In this paper, we report the solution properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-alkyl poly(oxyethylene) ether (CjjPOEjj) mixed systems with addition of azo oil dyes (4-NH2, 4-OH). The 4-NH2 dye interacts with anionic surfactants such as SDS (11,12), while 4-OH dye Interacts with nonionic surfactants such as C jPOEn (13). However, 4-NH2 is dependent on the molecular characteristics of the nonionic surfactant in the anlonlc-nonlonic mixed surfactant systems, while in the case of 4-OH, the fading phenomena of the dye is observed in the solubilized solution. This fading rate is dependent on the molecular characteristics of nonionic surfactant as well as mixed micelle formation. We discuss the differences in solution properles of azo oil dyes in the different mixed surfactant systems. 

Azo oil dye The synthesis and purification of 4-phenylazo-1-naphthylamine (4-NH2), 4-phenylazo-l-naphthol (4-OH) were described in our previous paper (14). Water used in this experiment was twice distilled and was deionized by an ion-exchange instrument (NANO pure D-1791 of Barnstead Co., Ltd.) its resistivity was about 18.0 megohm cm and its pH was 6.7. 

The interactions between azo oil dye and mixed surfactant systems will be dependent on the difference in mixed surfactant micelle due to different molecular characteristic of nonionic surfactant. 

Absorption wavelength, maximum, determination for mixed surfactants with azo oil dyes, 70 Activity coefficients... 

The behavior of insoluble monolayers at the hydrocarbon-water interface has been studied to some extent. In general, a values for straight-chain acids and alcohols are greater at a given film pressure than if spread at the water-air interface. This is perhaps to be expected since the nonpolar phase should tend to reduce the cohesion between the hydrocarbon tails. See Ref. 91 for early reviews. Takenaka [92] has reported polarized resonance Raman spectra for an azo dye monolayer at the CCl4-water interface some conclusions as to orientation were possible. A mean-held theory based on Lennard-Jones potentials has been used to model an amphiphile at an oil-water interface one conclusion was that the depth of the interfacial region can be relatively large [93]. 

OIL SOLUBLE AZO DYES The oil soluble, water-iasoluble, azo dyes dissolve ia oils, fats, waxes, etc. Generally, yellow, orange, red, and brown oil colors are azo stmctures and greens, blues, and violets are primarily anthraquiaones (see Dyes, anthraquinone). Blacks are usually nigrosiaes and iaduhnes of the aziae type (see Azinedyes). An example is Oil Red [85-83-6] (127) (Cl Solvent Red 24 Cl 26105). Uses iaclude the coloring of hydrocarbons, waxes, oils, candles, etc. 

Azo Dyes. The Colourindex classifications of dyes depend more on their historical eady use than on their stmctures, eg. Oil Orange is named Solvent Yellow 14, and a yellow for synthetic fibers is Disperse Yellow 23. 

Chen H, Xu H, Heinze TM (2009) Decolorization of water and oil-soluble azo dyes by Lactobacillus acidophilis fermentum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36 1459-1466... 

Oil-soluble azo dyes, 9 420-421 Oil soluble sulfonates, 23 530 recent developments in, 23 534 Oil-water separation, 22 68... 

Red Dye These dyes are dilutions of C.I. Solvent Red 164 utilized throughout the petroleum industry to identify specific fuels and oils. The dyes are termed 2-Naphthalenol (phenylazo) azo alkyl derivatives. ... 

Solvent Dyes. These water-insoluble but solvent-soluble dyes are devoid of polar solubilizing groups such as sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, or quaternary ammonium. They are used for coloring plastics, gasoline, oils, and waxes. The dyes are predominantly azo and anthraquinone, but phthalocyanine and triarylmethane dyes are also used. 

Fat- and oil-soluble dyes are also soluble in waxes, resins, lacquers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, and alcohols, but not in water. It is not possible to differentiate clearly between them and the alcohol- and ester-soluble dyes. With the exception of blue anthraquinone derivatives, fat- and oil-soluble dyes are azo dyes, generally based on simple components. According to their degree of solubility they usually contain hydroxyl and/or amino groups, but not sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid groups. Examples of fat- and oil-soluble azo dyes are C.I. 

Butter Yellow.—The di-methyl derivative of amino azo benzene which we have referred to in our discussion of the general method for the formation of amino azo compounds by the Griess reaction (p. 569), is also a dye known as butter yellow It is insoluble in water, but soluble in oils and, therefore, is used to color butter. 

Oil red is also a naphthol dye which contains one azo base, -N=N-, in the molecule like para red. It is a bright red powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and in acetone producing an orange red colour, it melts at l65°C, begins to vaporize at 270 C, and boils at 330 0. Oil red is more stable than para red against heat and is not so easily damaged. 

Pahnitate-related substances are viscous oils used in cosmetics and topical medicaments. In lipsticks they replace castor oil (1). Allergic reactions to lipsticks have been reported to be caused by a variety of allergens, for example azo dyes, colophony, lanolin, castor oil, sunscreens, and para-tertiary butylphenol. 

Polymeric quaternary ammonium surfactants made from w-dodecyl bromide and poly(2-vinylpyridine) are better solubilizers for oil-soluble azo dyes and for n-decanol than monomeric quaternary cationics with similar (monomeric) structures (Tokiwa, 1963 Inoue, 1964). Solubilization of n-decanol in the polycationics increased as the alkyl chain content increased to a maximum at 24% alkyl content and resulted, at high decanol content, in intermolecular aggregation of the poly cationic molecules (Inoue, 1964). 

Important research was devoted to find appropriate conditions for an efficient encapsulation/anchoring of azo dyes in/on various inorganic substrates in order to improve their light-fastness qualities and water or oil resisting properties. The most widely used inorganic materials to elaborate such dye composites were clay minerals, e.g. smectites [1] or hydrotalcite [2], but also mesoporous silica based materials [3,4]. 

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