Axons outgrowth

Vaessin H, Grell E, Wolff E, Bier E, Jan LY, Jan YN 1991 prospero is expressed in neuronal precursors and encodes a nuclear protein that is involved in the control of axonal outgrowth in Drosophila. Cell 67 941-953... 

Bito H, Ishihara H, Shibasaki Y, Ohashi K, Mizuno K, Maekawa M, Ishizaki T, Narumiya S. A critical role for a Rho-associated kinase, pl60ROCK, in determining axon outgrowth in mammalian CNS neurons. Neuron 2000 26 431-441. 

Cell adhesion molecules influence axonal outgrowth 116... 

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play critical roles in all facets of nervous system development and maintenance. Important phenomena in which CAMs are involved include initial formation of the neural tube and the neural crest, migration of all neurons and glial cells, axonal outgrowth and guidance, target selection, synaptic stabilization and plasticity, myelination and nerve regeneration after injury (see Chs 4,24,28-30 and 53). Adhesion molecules interact with each other and with nonadhesive cell-surface and/or cytoplasmic molecules, and, in the two... 

During development, axons extend from the neuronal cell body and grow, frequently over long distances, in order to make very precise connections with a target. Despite the complexity of the nervous system, where over 1012 axons must find their targets, the pattern of axonal outgrowth... 

Wang P, Jeng CJ, Chien CL, Wang SM. 2008. Signaling mechanisms of daidzein-induced axonal outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 366 393 100. 

Rong LL, Yan SF, Wendt T, Hans D, Pachydaki S, Bucciarelli LG, Adebayo A, Qu W, Lu Y, Rostov R, Lalla E, Yan SD, Gooch C, Szabolcs M, Trojaborg W, Hays AP, Schmidt AM. 2004b. RAGE modulates peripheral nerve regeneration via recruitment of both inflammatory and axonal outgrowth pathways. Faseb J 18(15) 1818—1825. 

Orbit/MAST proteins, also known as CLIP-associated proteins (CLASPs), are involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and bind to microtubule plus ends via CLIP115 or CLIP170. Active CLASP suppresses microtubule assembly and axon outgrowth (Lee et al., 2004), whereas activated adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC see below) promotes microtubule assembly and axon outgrowth. 

In general, these studies have assessed neuron proliferation, neurite [axonal] outgrowth, regeneration, and differentiation. In sensory neurons, lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazapine have a common effect of increasing growth of cone formation, leading to a spreading... 

Vyas AA, Blixt O, Paulson JC, Schnaar RL. Potent glycan inhibitors of myelin-associated glycoprotein enhance axon outgrowth in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 2005 280 16305-16310. Iwabuchi K, Zhang Y, Handa K, Withers DA, Sinay P, Hako-mori S. Reconstitution of membranes simulating glycosignaling domain and their susceptibility to lyso-GM3. J. Biol. Chem. 2000 275 15174-15181. 

Schwab JM, Failli V, Chedotal A (2005) Injury-related dynamic myelin/oligodendrocyte axon-outgrowth inhibition in the central nervous system. Lancet 365 2055-2057. 

Luo, L.,Liao, Y., Jan, L., and Jan, Y. (1994). Distinct morphogenetic functions of similar small GTPases Drosophila Diac 1 is involved in axonal outgrowth and myoblast fusion. Genes Dev. S 1787-1802. 

Braun and Stent (1989b) found that ablation of peripheral neurons in the leech embryo has a variety of effects on axon outgrowth from central neurons. Ablation of individual peripheral neurons that form part of a chain of closely spaced peripheral neurons with which efferent axons associate, has no effect on the formation of those efferent axons. However, ablation of peripheral neurons nz 1, 2, 3 and pz8, which lie along nerve paths where putative landmark cells are spaced widely apart, results in the failure of nerve path formation (Fig. 

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