Average current mode control

In [53], oscillatory wave patterns observed during electrochemical dissolution of a nickel wire in acidic media was reported. It was shown that space-averaged potential or current oscillations are associated with the creation of an inhomogeneous current distribution, and that the selection of a specific spatial current pattern depends on the current control mode of the electrochemical cell. In the almost potentiostatic (fixed potential) mode of operation, a train of traveling pulses prevails, whereas antiphase oscillations occur in the galvanostatic (constant average current) mode. 

Nanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxide powders with an average particle size of 10 -14 nm have been prepared by the cathodic base electrogeneration method.The nanocrystallinc CeO powders are prepared in the cathode compartment of a divided electrochemical cell. The cathode is a platinum wire and the anode is a platinum mesh electrode. The cathode compartment in the divided cell contained 0.5 mol T cerium (HI) nitrate and 0.5 moM ammonium niu-ate, and the anode compartment contained 0.5 mol I ammonium nitrate. The two compartments are separated with a medium porosity glass frit. The electrochemical synthesis is run in the galvanostatic mode at a current density of I A cm and the particle size is controlled by adjusting the solution temperature. 

Despite the extensive traditional and current use of Hypericum in skin care and skin disorders targeted pharmacological studies related to these applications have rarely been performed. In a preliminary experimental study in human volunteers, equal quantities of hydroglycolic extracts from Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Anthemis nobilis, Tilia chordata, Centaurea cyanus and Hypericum perforatum were added at a 5 % level into the aqueous phase of 0.5 % hydrocortisone cream. When this preparation was applied to artificially induced skin abrasions, it was found that the plant extracts containing cream accelerated the healing time on an average of 16 % (3.4 days) versus the control [173). However, from this study no conclusions on the active ingredients and the mode of action can be drawn. 

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