Current patterns

Figure 4-278. Computed current pattern in a homogeneous formation for the MWD toroid system. (Courtesy SPWLA [115]. ...

As inputs of THg appear to be strongly retained in the forest floor, we reconunend a forest floor survey be conducted in areas that are receiving elevated Hg deposition and where it is expected that deposition will change markedly. In this site, permanent sampling sites would be established. We envision that forest floor samples would be resurveyed at appropriate time intervals (e.g., 10 years). A forest floor survey would help clarify current patterns of total Hg deposition and potentially quantify the response of forests to decreases in Hg emissions and deposition. 

In Fig. 2.13 the mass intensities for carbon dioxide (m/e = 44) and methyl formate (m/e = 60) during a potential scan are given. While the signal for C02 follows the current pattern in the whole potential range that for HCOOCH3 does not. This indicates the existence of parallel pathways. Methyl formate was also detected as an electrolysis product in long duration experiments [66],... 

In [53], oscillatory wave patterns observed during electrochemical dissolution of a nickel wire in acidic media was reported. It was shown that space-averaged potential or current oscillations are associated with the creation of an inhomogeneous current distribution, and that the selection of a specific spatial current pattern depends on the current control mode of the electrochemical cell. In the almost potentiostatic (fixed potential) mode of operation, a train of traveling pulses prevails, whereas antiphase oscillations occur in the galvanostatic (constant average current) mode. 

Physical changes in habitats near the cooling water intake and discharge structures of power stations were also identified in NEPA analyses as posing some risk or at least potential for change to segments of aquatic communities. Concrete structures, rock jetties, and altered current patterns contribute to habitat modifications that influence suitability of the area for desirable species and can be linked to the overall problem of dissipating rejected... 

The foci are separated by a distance a along the z axis. See Morse and Feshback (25) for details. Eccentricity of form is found to effect profoundly autonomous current patterns. This geometric mode mixing phenomenon leads to patterns that can be controlled by the chemical kinetics in a manner not found for simple, highly symmetric geometries... 

Smiley, M. Ortoleva, P. "Bifurcation of Current Patterns in Developing Cells" (in preparation). 

An ideal application of laser ablation MC-ICP-MS is the analysis of ferromanganese crusts from the ocean floor. The isotopic composition of Pb in the oceans should be sensitive to changes in ocean current patterns and sources. Fe-... 

In the middle 1970s, the first results of diagnostic and prognostic numerical modeling of the BSGC were published [8,9]. Because of the coarse spatial resolution of the model grids and the insufficient reliability of the initial and boundary conditions, only their most general features corresponded to the concepts of the current pattern in the Black Sea that existed at that time. 

The general property of diagnostic modeling of sea currents consists of the strong dependence of the current field calculated on the water density field used. The differences in the results of different calculation methods (hydro-dynamic models) with the same initial conditions (three-dimensional density fields) are usually observed only in details of the current patterns obtained. 

Pesticides are crucial for maintanence of our modern food production. However, current patterns of use and misuse of chemical pesticides have resulted In some environmental problems. Ground water contamination by herbicides and other pesticides may threaten... 

The current pattern of education for librarianship consists of five or more years of appropriate undergraduate and graduate study. As Willard Mishoff, a specialist in the U. S. Office of Education, indicates (1) ... 

For these reasons, CO2 capture and disposal remains an attractive option for the medium to longer term if the current pattern of energy supplies continues, based on the existing fossil fuel Infrastructure and reliability of associated technologies. 

In Fig. 22a, an example of a spin configuration with two spin vortices is depicted. Different current patterns are possible for the same spin configuration by different X. Although each loop current is rather localized around each center of the vortices, a macroscopic current can be generated as a collection of loop currents if the number of loop currents is large enough (Fig. 22d). 

If an applied magnetic field is present, a loop current pattern that is different from that for the antiferromagnetic loop-current order mentioned above will be realized. If we denote the wave function for the antiferromagnetic pattern by F, the wave function for the different current pattern is given by... 

The fast changes in the transition area are illustrated in Fig. 19.5, which shows model snapshots of current patterns and of salinity distribution at intervals of 14-28 h. The simulations are carried out with a horizontal grid resolution of 1 nautical mile and reproduce the observations of a ship campaign very well (see Schmidt et al., 1998). This combined approach of field measurements and modeling revealed that the typical processes in the Belt Sea are too fast for a synoptic representation of data measured by ships. During a ship survey of two to three days, currents may change direction several times and a combination of the data into a quasi-synoptic picture may suggest spurious spatial correlations. 

It is illuminating to study the time evolution of a river plume as an initial value problem. It can be shown that the current pattern is governed by a geostrophically adjusted eddy confined to the buoyancy patch (near field) and a coastally trapped flow that develops in the wake of a Kelvin wave (far field). Behind the front of the first Kelvin wave mode, undercurrents are set up. Although the velocities of the flow forced by the momenrnm of the river mnoff are small enough to justify a linear treatment, there are important nonlinear effects owing to the advection of density, which limits the validity of the linear analytical models. In particular, the structure of the near field in front of the river mouth is dominated by the response to the buoyancy flux associated with the river discharge. 

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