Averaging control

The use of controllers may also reduce over-all expenses. The average operator in a chemical plant, when fringe benefits are included, costs the company over 5.00 per hour. This is equivalent to 43,800 per year for an operating position. By the methods given in Chapters 10 and 11, this can be shown to be equivalent to a net present value of - 320,000 (assumes money is valued at 8%). The average controller, installed, costs between 3,000 and 6,000. This means that a large number... 

Figure 7-2 Material balance control in the direction of flow (Averaging Control).

The flow rate through the ion exchanger will be determined using averaging control based on the amount of deionized water in the storage tanks. The controls will be purchased with the unit, not designated separately. 

Synonyms are X-control chart, mean control chart or average control chart. 

Table 34.1a Average control efficacy of atrazine for selected weed species in the United States3...

The results above indicate that M averaged control is possible for configuration B, assuming that the fields significantly couple only the ten indicated levels. A generalized, albeit computational, extension of these results to include all M levels is provided in this section. Specifically, we show that the full system of states that are coupled by three perpendicular linearly polarized lasers shows control, even upon M averaging. Note, however, that numerical studies do show that the ten-level approximation is, in most cases, an excellent approximation. 

Primary drying Evacuate chamber, control at a target set point of 80 pHg ( 20 pHg). Ramp shelf to —10 C at an average controlled rate of 30°C/hr Control shelf at target set point of —10 C ( 5°) for 15 hr... 

Increase or decrease the force control setpoint to increase or decrease the tablet weight, respectively. The new force control set point is calculated by means of the machine manufacturer s control algorithm. Typically after adjustment to the new force control set point, the weight control system should resample and verify that the average tablet weight is now within the average control limits. 

T Postemergent broadleaf activity (mustard, sesbania, sicklepod, velvetleaf and annual morningglory) — active means it exceeds 75% average control at the indicated dose... 

Figure 18.6 (Continued) (b) Relationship between double differential temperature and composition compared to relationship between average control temperature and composition (based on data in Fig. 18.5 a). (Part b is based on Boyd s data from same reference as part a.)...

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