Auxins indolic

DDT was not the only synthetic chemical to find a use in private and commercial gardens. Plant physiologists in the 1930s had accidentally discovered a way of selectively killing weeds in cereal crops (the dominant source of food for humans— wheat, barley, maize and rice). The plant physiologists interested in how plants controlled their growth had discovered a plant hormone—auxin (indole-3-acetic acid). Chemists soon found that, not only was it easy to make this compound, but they could also easily make... 

Increase in fruit size is due mainly to cell enlargement. It is, therefore, not surprising that because auxins (indole-3-acetic acid and its derivatives) control cell extension,400-404 they have also been presumed to play... 

Both compounds are rapidly translocated herbicides that selectively kill broad-leaved weeds. They mimic the natural auxin, indol-3-ylacetic acid, which is responsible for promoting cell elongation and hence cause unrestrained growth. This uses up all the available nutrients, leading to the death of the plant. A review of the pyridinecarboxylic acids has been published (B-75MI10702). 

There are cases where the peroxidase is not activated by H202, but by a reaction product instead. Ferrer et al. (1990) described the oxidation of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (LAA 2.49) and molecular oxygen by a cell wall peroxidase that was able to oxidize coniferyl alcohol (2.48) in the absence of H2C>2. 

Arabidopsis thalina, 236-238 Archaebacteria, 272 Auxin, (indole acetic acid, IAA), 218— 223,238... 

Auxin Herbicides Synthetic mimics of natural auxin - Indole -acetic-acid... 

Figure 1. Structures of natural auxin, indole-3-acetic add, and synthetic auxin herbicides and auxin transport inhibitors (phytotropins) belonging to the different chemical families.

The natural auxins indole-3-acetic acid, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid, phenylacetic acid, and indole-3-butyric acid... 

Another important factor in the pathogenic or beneficial relationships between bacteria and plants is the ability of plant-associated bacteria to produce the phytohormone (auxin) indole-3-acetic acid [161]. The bacteria are species of Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azospirillum. 

There is some evidence to suggest that / -glucanases may play a role in the expansion of yeast cells in the absence of cell duplication. Yanagishima (61) and Shimoda et al. (62) discovered that a plant hormone, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), induced cell elongation in auxin-... 

Indole-3-acetic acid is a plant hormone that is classified as an auxin. Indole-3-acetic acid is the most active auxin. Auxins are synthesized in apical buds (at the tip) of growing shoots. They stimulate growth of the main shoot and inhibit lateral shoot development. A class of auxinbinding membrane proteins may represent auxin receptors. Auxin action involves pumping protons out of the cell, possibly in conjunction with a membrane ATPase. 

Fig. la. Structures of plant hormones (a) Auxins Indole-3-acetic acid (lAA) Indoleacetonitrile (IAN) Phenylacetic acid (PAA) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). 

The synthesis of several other plant metabolites, such as auxin, indole glucosinolates, anthranilate-derived alkaloids, and tryptamine derivatives, could depend on indole as an intermediate. Indole is also found in the scent of flowers such as lilac and robinia. Therefore, it is possible that the recruitment of an indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase function from TSA genes might have occurred independently several times during plant evolution. 

The growth of plants can be retarded by inhibiting the transport of the auxin, indol-3-ylacetic acid. Schneider (1964) prepared a series offluorene derivatives to produce dwarf varieties of economic plants. Another use of these morph-actins, as they are called, is to retard the growth of dicotyledonous weeds in a... 

Gradual Fe(lll) reduction to Fe(ll) by a series of auxins (indole-3-alkanoic acids with C1-C4 side chains) in weakly acidic aqueous solutions v/as evident from Mossbauer spectroscopic measurements [46,47] performed in rapidly frozen solutions after 15 min and 2 days of reaction at ambient temperature (Fig. 13.1). In that case, rapid freezing allows all the ongoing processes to be ceased at a certain time point, and Mossbauer measurements in the solidified frozen matrix become feasible. 

The most important indole in this molecule weight range is of course the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid. Parenthetically indole itself is a natural product found inter alia in jasmine oil and partially responsible for the odour of the fiowers woad and tyrian purple are indigo derivatives indole acetaldehyde is also of wide distribution. Whether or not gramine plays a part in their formation is not known. Gramine is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of tryptamine derivatives. 

Hetero-auxin, Indole-3-acetic Acid.— In the survey of plant and animal extracts for substances having an auxin effect, it was found that urine was veiy rich in a growth-promoting factor, which on isolation proved to be chemically unrelated to auxin a or 6, and was termed hetero-auxin. It was subsequently identified as an indole derivative of acetic acid, and is derived from tryptophane by bacterial decomposition in the intestine. 

Auxin, Indole-3-Acetic Acid Participation of Growth Inhibitors... 

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