Synthetic mimic

Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) Are Synthetic Mimics ofDNA and RNA... 

Reineke, U., Sabat, R., Misselwitz, R., Welfle, EL, Volk, H.-D., and Schneider-Mergener, J. (1999). A synthetic mimic of a discontinuous binding site on interleukin-10. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 271-275. 

Scott RW, DeGrado WF, Tew GN (2008) De novo designed synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 19 620-627... 

Mammalian toxicity to pyrethrins is quite low, apparently due to its rapid breakdown by liver microsomal enzymes and esterases. The acute LD50 to rats is about 1500 mg/kg. The most frequent reaction to pyrethrins is contact dermatitis and allergic respiratory reactions, probably as a result of other constituents in the formulation. Synthetic mimics of pyrethrins, known as the pyrethroids, were developed to overcome the lack of persistence. 

Changes in glycosylation are often a hallmark of disease states.21 The structures of glycans, which decorate all eukaryotic-cell surfaces, change, for example, with the onset of cancer22 and inflammation.23 Synthetic mimics of the complex glycocopeptides and glycoproteins found on cell surfaces can modulate... 

Various chemical classes of auxin herbicides with different weed spectra and types of selectivity have been synthesized and commercially introduced over the years. They include phenoxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acids, pyridine carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxymethyl derivatives and a relatively new category, the quinolinecarboxylic acids (Figure 1). These compounds basically act as synthetic mimics of indole-3-acetic acid (lAA), which is the principal natural auxin in higher plants [2,3,5,7]. 

Auxin Herbicides Synthetic mimics of natural auxin - Indole -acetic-acid... 

Further elaboration of models involved the design of water-soluble derivatives like diol 305, suitable for tests as DNA-affecting agents. It was rewarding to discover that the conversion 305 -> 306 can be carried out in water in the presence of DNA. As a result, a temperature- and time-dependent cleavage of double-stranded DNA was observed. Hence diol 305, the simplicity of its structure notwithstanding, can be properly considered as the synthetic mimic of the calicheamicin/esperamicin class of antibiotics. Most remarkably, it took less... 

As a result of the advances in catalyst discovery for aqueous ethylene polymerization, silica-polyethylene nancomposites have been prepared with structures that vary with changing catalyst structure and silica composition." It is likely that many more advances in the area of high-tech composites with potential biological and nanotechnology applications will be made in the next few years through aqueous polymerization processes. In addition to free radical polymerizations and catalytic polymerizations, it should be noted that oxidative polymerizations can also be performed in aqueous media to yield conducting polymers. Recently, this has been used to prepare polypyrrole-coated latex particles that are expected to be interesting synthetic mimics for micrometeorites. 

Synthetic Mimics of Ligands and Receptors Future Research Directions... 

Synthetic mimics of cell-surface receptors have been constructed using plasma membrane anchors derived from N -alkyl-3fi-cholesterylamine and related compounds (14). Synthetic receptors comprising protein and other binding motifs linked to this membrane anchor become incorporated rapidly into plasma membranes of mammalian cells. By constimtively cycling between the plasma membrane and the endosomes, cells treated with these compounds gain the capacity to endocytose cell-impermeable hgands. For example, the synthetic Fc receptor shown in Fig. 4 enables human cells that lack Fc receptors... 

Peterson BR. Synthetic mimics of mammalian cell surface receptors prosthetic molecules that augment living cells. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2005 3 3607-3612. 

Seetharam B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of cobalamin (vitamin B12). Annu. Rev. Nutr. 1999 19 173-195. Boonyarattanakalin S, Martin SE, Sun Q, Peterson BR. A Synthetic Mimic of Human Fc Receptors Defined Chemical Modification of Cell Surfaces Enables Efficient Endocytic Uptake of Human Immunoglobulin-G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006 128 11463-11470. 

For our last demonstration, go to your medicine cabinet and take a synthetic mimic of the extract of Salix willow bark, modified to buffer the acidic effect. In other words, take an aspirin. 

Our synthetic mimic (7) consists of the well known oxygen binder cobalt salen (I) (8) constructed inside zeolite Y. This material is an example of the... 

Figure 7.7 Synthetic mimics of a bioreceptor based on cyclodextrin dimer host models [18]. 

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