Automatic monitoring

Because of the problems relating to silica and silicates, silica levels in the FW and BW must be strictly controlled. This normally is not a problem in higher pressure boilers because various methods of pretreatment are typically employed to reduce the concentration of silica in the FW as much as possible. Automatic monitoring and alarm systems are also provided. 

Young, D.S. Friedman, R.B. and Pestaner, L.C. "Automatic Monitoring of Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions" Drug Interactions, pp. 393-401, Morselll, P.L., Garattlnl, S., and Cohen, S.N., Editors, Raven Press, New York, 1974. 

Automatic Monitoring. The success of the experiment is strongly related to the ability of the data acquisition system to automatically record the relevant parameters during the experiment. Monitoring basic parameters by paper and pencil is only the last resort. 

For gas heaters, intelligent firing systems are the way ahead, which means improved combustion control due to automatic monitoring of the combustion process and closed-loop control at all times. 

Smart fibers can make smart sutures—threads used by surgeons to sew up incisions—such as suture that ties itself when heated And Sensatex Incorporated makes a smart shirt that automatically monitors the wearer s vital signs. Special sensors and conducting fibers embedded in the shirt measure heart rate, respiration, and body temperature, and a tiny controller relays this information by transmitter to a medical station. 

This approach makes the system simple to operate. The entire process is automatically monitored, recorded, and controlled. Operators can run the system from the central console, or from the local control units. And because of the distributed control, each of the local units will continue to do its job, and the waste treatment system will continue to function, even if the central control unit should became disconnected or malfunction. The system also includes a modem for remote diagnostics and program maintenance. 

Meanwhile, because the ARO system is completely automated and simple to operate, the Plater can concentrate on plating production. There is a simple switch with "Auto" and "Service" positions. In "Auto" position, the ARO microprocessor automatically monitors all remote rinse and internal sensors and initiates ARO processing whenever the fir.al rinse exceeds the operator s preset rinse quality standard. In the "Service" position, the ARO system purges itself and depressurizes to allow the operator to service the rinse tanks or the ARO system. 

F. Monitoring Impurities. Because of cost and complexity, the automatic monitoring of the glove box atmosphere is not common in academic laboratories, but some industrial and many atomic energy installations employ continuous monitoring. Water is easier to measure than oxygen and fairly simple mois-... 

However, there is a risk that by concentrating efforts almost exclusively on fully automatic monitoring and computer printouts of individual analytical parameters, both operators and service representatives may lose sight... 

Automatic monitoring of product level and inventory control. 

For compounds that nitrate rapidly at room temperature, two methods may be used. The substrate may be dissolved in sulfuric acid of appropriate strength and introduced into one limb of a two-limbed flask. A solution of nitric acid in sulfuric acid is introduced into the other limb, the flask is thermostatted, and the reaction started by vigorously shaking the flask. Aliquots are then withdrawn and quenched as before. However, by far the most convenient method is to carry out the kinetics directly in the thermostatted spectrophotometric cell and this would now be the method of choice in view of the automatic monitoring facilities currently available on spectrophotometers. For very fast reactions, stopped-flow techniques have been used. 

Needed automatic monitoring/sampling systems included ... 

In the Polybed version with ten adsorbent beds, three of them are in the adsorption phase at all times. Pressurization takes place in two steps, with an intermediate countercurrent purge by purified hydrogen, and a final cocurrem purge. Recompression also takes place in steps.The different sequences are programmed and automatically monitored. The yield in this case may reach 85 to 88 per cent for a feedstock containing 65 to 75 per cent volume hydrogen. 

Electrogravimetry, which is the oldest electroanalytical technique, involves the plating of a metal on to one electrode of an electrolysis cell and weighing the deposit. Conditions are controlled so as to produce a uniformly smooth and adherent deposit in as short a time as possible. In practice, solutions are usually stirred and heated and the metal is often complexed to improve the quality of the deposit. The simplest and mqst Vapid procedures are those in which a fixed applied potential or a cqqp nt cell current is employed, but in both cases selectivity is poor and they are generally used when there are only one or two metals present. Selective deposition of metals from multi-component mixtures can be achieved by controlling the cathode potential automatically with a potentiostat. This device automatically monitors and maintains the cathode potential at a pre-determined value by means of a reference electrode and servo-driven potential-divider. The value chosen for the cathode potential is such that only the metal of interest is deposited and there are no gaseous products formed. 

Direct potentiometric measurements are used to complete chemical analyses of species for which an indicator electrode is available. The technique is simple, requiring only a comparison of the voltage developed by the measuring cell in the test solution with its voltage when immersed in a standard solution of the analyte. If the electrode response is specific for the analyte and independent of the matrix, no preliminary steps are required. In addition, although discontinuous measurements are mainly carried out, direct potentiometry is readily adapted to continuous and automatic monitoring. 

Those kinetic experiments were carried out using a thermogravimetiy. The biomass sample first was kept in a differential con artment and then introduced into the reaction zone by an inert gas flow of nitrogen. The temperature and the sample weight are continuously and automatically monitored. The experiments were based on constant heating rate of 50 / min while not on other heating rates in order to keep... 

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