Autografting

Autoclave tape Autodoping AUTOFLEX Autofrettage Autogenousmilling Autograft... 

Matsumura G, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Shin Oka T, Ikada Y, and Kurosawa H. First evidence that bone marrow cells contribute to the construction of tissue-engineered vascular autografts in vivo. Circulation, 2003, 108, 1729-1734. 

Matsumura G, Hibino N, Ikada Y, Kurosawa H, and Shin oka T. Successful application of tissue engineered vascular autografts Clinical experience. Biomaterials, 2003, 24, 2303-2308. 

Watanabe M, Shin oka T, Tohyama S, et al. Tissue-engineered vascular autograft Inferior vena cava replacement in a dog model. Tissue Eng, 2001, 7, 429 39. 

Bosco, P.J. and Schweizer, R.T. (1988). Use of oxygen radical scavengers on autografted pig kidneys after warm ischaemia and 48-hour perfusion preservation. Arch. Surg. 123, 601-604. 

The earliest recorded attempts at organ transplant date back thousands of years.1 More than a few apocryphal descriptions exist from ancient Egypt, China, India, and Rome documenting experimentation with transplantation. For example, an Indian text from the second century bc describes a procedure for nasal reconstruction surgery with the use of autografted skin. Also, Roman Catholic lore has saints Damian and Cosmas replacing the gangrenous leg of a man with the leg of a recently deceased man in the third century ad.1... 

Autograft A tissue or organ grafted into a new position in or on the body of the same individual. 

Natural bone grafts would appear to provide the ideal material. However, autografts are necessarily limited in volume and xenografts or allografts should be considered with caution due to the potential risk for transmission of viruses or other non-conventional agents [6]. For these reasons, there has been a growing... 

Sicard, R.E. and M.F. Lombard. 1990. Putative immunological influence upon amphibian forelimb regeneration. II. Effects of X-irradiation on regeneration and autograft rejection. Biol. Bull. 178 21-24. 

The reason that the bone is not resorbed (dissolved by osteoclasts) and replaced by living bone is threefold. The collagen stays in the transplant. There is very low porosity in a piece of autograft if any at all. Also, most of the cells in the bone die causing considerable swelling, and they are eventually absorbed by the body over a period of time. However, there always is residual residue. 

Our researchers have worked very hard to accomplish our goals by doing things we felt would enhance our synthetic bone materials and their performance to enable them to equal and often exceed the performance of autograft as implants as well as in other types of bone augmentation and replacement. The nonporous tooth enamel solid calcium phosphate materials have flexural strengths of over 20,000 lb in.2 However, without pores it would take an extremely long time to resorb this nonporous bioceramic. 

Neither autograft, allograft, nor other calcium phosphate bioceramic materials of which we are aware have these properties. Figure 9(a) shows living bone with healthy bone cells (gray) deposited by osteoblasts into the pores of our bioceramic (1-3). 

Figure 15 shows the results after 3.5 months after implantation. The results after 3.5 months showed that the new bone in the bioceramic implant side averaged 54.2% by volume, and the new bone grown in the autograft side of the dog mandible over the same period was only 6.6% by volume. 

Protein-deficient mice, although responding normally to phytohemagglutinin, were still able to reject skin autografts more rapidly than normally nourished controls which showed striking depression of antibody synthesis to sheep red blood cells (J7). Similarly malnourished rats which had marked suppression of plaque-forming cells and rosetteforming cells showed no difference in skin transplant rejection from their well fed controls (M18). 

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