Authorisation estimates

Design estimate (budget authorisation estimate or scope estimate) based on a semi-detailed analysis. This approach incorporates a mixture of different methods with probable accuracy within +15/20%. 

Within 6 months after enactment of the Qean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and at least every 3 years thereafter, the Administrator shall review and, if necessary, revise, the methods ( emission factors ) used for purposes of this Act to estimate the quantity of emissions of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and oxides of nitrogen from sources of such air pollutants (including area sources and mobile sources). In addition, the Administrator shall permit any person to demonstrate improved emissions estimating techniques, and following approval of such techniques, the Administrator shall authorise the use of such techniques. Any such technique may be approved only after appropriate public participation. Until the Administrator has completed the revision required by this section, nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the validity of emission factors established by the Administrator before the date of the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. 

Substances of very high concern will have to be authorised for use for specific purposes that have been demonstrated either to present a negligible risk or are essential for socio-economic reasons. It is estimated that ca 1,400 substances will be subject to authorisation. 

The Swedish government has also reiterated the need to substitute substances of very high concern. These substances are estimated to be relatively few and would not overload the authorisation system. Sweden states that authorisation of such chemicals may be granted only if industry can demonstrate that no feasible alternatives are available the socio-economic arguments clearly outweigh the potential risks and emissions are foreseen to be negligible during manufacture, use and disposal. ... 

Risk estimation is the corner stone of the directive. An assessment of the risk for humans, animals and the environment associated with the application of the biocidal product, the use of treated material and the disposal of treated ma-terial/waste is an integral requirement of the authorisation process. 

The Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances (REACH) regulations came into force on June 1, 2007. At that time, it was estimated that there were approximately 100,000 existing chemicals, of which approximately 30,000 were marketed in volumes at or above 1 tonne per year. For these 30,000 substances, a registration dossier must be submitted. The registration requirements depend on the tonnage thresholds, as follows ... 

The National Pharmacovigilance Commission is authorised to evaluate the information on undesired effects of medicines, to advise the Ministry of Health and the Director General of the Agency on the measures to be taken to stop the incidents or accidents related to the use of the medicines and also to propose the enquiries and the estimated work needed to the Minister of Health and the director of the agency. 

The results of the estimated discharges should be compared with the levels permitted by the enforcing authority and then collated and documented as part of the preparation of the application for an authorisation under the IPC requirements of Part 1 of the Environment Act. 

Staff members authorised to travel shall provide themselves with sufficient funds for all current expenses by securing an advance of funds if necessary. A reasonable advance of funds against the estimated reimbursable travel expenses may be made to a staff member or his or her family members for authorised expenses in accordance with the terms and conditions determined by the Director-General in an Administrative Directive. 

Without enquiring into the accuracy of the distinction on which the objection is founded, it will be necessary to a j ust estimate of its force, first to ascertain the real character of the government in question secondly, to enquire how far the Convention were authorised to propose such a government and thirdly, how far the duty they owed to their country, could supply any defect of regular authority. 

European Medicines Agency, Pre-authorisation Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use, Guideline on the specification limits for residues of metal catalysts pp. 4-13, (2007). Interestingly, the human average dietary intake of Pd is estimated to be 2 pg/day. 

The USSR Foreign Ministry is authorised to state that the stocks of chemical weapons in the USSR do not exceed 50,000 tons in terms of poisoning substances. According to Soviet experts estimates, this corresponds to the chemical weapons stocks of the United States. ... 

Construction of the Winfrith SGHWR was authorised in February 1963, and work began in May. The construction schedule set out in 1962 estimated that it would take 206 weeks from the start of building work to the reactor reaching full power. In the end it took 207 weeks — a very stark contrast to the saga that was just beginning at Dungeness. 

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