Children attitude

In seeking the answer to the riddle of human behavior, Dr. Freud found (or thought he did) that most character traits or mental attitudes in patients could be explained if only he probed far enough back into the patient s past, back to earliest childhood. He decided that the human psyche at the time of birth was like a blank slate, on which various designs were registered as the growing child adapted himself and his few primitive instincts to his circumstances to his parents, his relatives and the rules and characteristics of the household and the society. 

The relation of a boy to his father is, as we say, an ambivalent one. In addition to the hate which seeks to get rid of the father as a rival, a measure of tenderness for him is also habitually present. The two attitudes of mind combine to produce identification with the father the boy wants to be in his father s place because he admires him and wants to be like him, and also because he wants to put him out of the way.. .. At a certain moment the child comes to understand that an attempt to remove his father as a rival would be punished by him with castration. (183)... 

Parmar, R. (1993) Attitudes of child psychiatrists to electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatri Bull 17 12-13. 

Walter, G., Koster, K., and Rey, J.M. (1999a) ECT in adolescents experience, knowledge and attitudes of recipients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 594-599. 

Psychopharmacotherapy is the combined use of psychoactive medication and psychotherapy. Brent and Kolko (1998) define the latter as a treatment modality in which therapist and patient collaborate to ease functional psychopathological impairment through attention to (1) the therapeutic relationship, (2) the patient s behavior, thoughts, attitudes and affect (the working diagnosis), and (3) the social context and development (this is especially salient in the work of the child and adolescent psychiatrist). 

Simeon et al. (1995) mailed questionnaires to 135 child psychiatrists in 43 countries to obtain more precise information on the views and approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of childhood psychiatric disorders. Of 43 questionnaires returned, data from 38 respondents representing 24 different countries were included. The study indicated that child psychiatrists in Europe and elsewhere outside the United States would use methylphenidate to treat 58% of ADHD patients, with their second choice being imipramine (18%), and 11% would not use medication. The investigators reported that one of the controversies that remained was the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, as the prescription rates varied extremely from one country to another. In Italy, for example, the diagnosis of ADHD was rarely made and psychostimulants were rarely used. The authors concluded that the choice of medication was frequently restricted by lack of availability as well as by political or social attitudes (Simeon et al., 1995). 

Walter G, Rey JM, Starling J. Experience, knowledge and attitudes of child psychiatrists regarding electroconvulsive therapy in the young. Aust NZJ Psychiatry 1997 31 676-681. 

The other experience I had was with St. John s when I interviewed there. A young woman had recently had a child, and she was the only woman in the department. There was no maternity leave policy at the school, but members of the department rearranged their own schedules and worked extra so that she would have an entire semester off after her son was born. These are creative ways to get around the system, but I think it is this kind of creativity that can help change the whole attitude of a department. 

The traditional PK study volunteer study in healthy children has proved very hard to set up, because of the attitude of many parents and overviewing independent review boards (IRBs). Even in pediatric patients, the frequency and total volume requirements for samples for conventional PK studies can cause the same refusals. However, there are pediatric research units that specialize in these studies, with minimum needle sticks, minute blood volumes and IRBs sympathetic to the needs of the pediatric community. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development has set up a network of pediatric pharmacology units , usually in academic regional centers, now... 

Educate the parents, too—particularly the mother. In young children, most risk factors for nonadherence reside in the parent. In most cultures, the mother plays an extremely important role in supervising the care of a sick child. For example, even though young children may have an aversion to the bad taste of the drug, they usually take their medications because their mothers tell them it is necessary to feel better. Research shows that children internalize parental beliefs, which greatly influence their attitudes and behaviors toward health problems as they mature into adults. " ... 

Childs, N.M. Poryzees, G.H., Foods that Help Prevent Disease Consumer Attitudes and Pubhc Policy Implications. J. Consum. Marketing, 1997, 14 (6), 433-447. 

Although this protective attitude is understandable, it can prevent robust emotional growth. The more preciously that parents treat their only child, the more they reinforce the notion that he or she is easily bruised or damaged by a strong expression of hard feelings. In consequence, the only child may develop a sense of emotional fragility "I hate people being mean or rude, and I can t stand conflict."... 

The "only" attitude often causes the only child in later years to retain a capacity for self-absorption, self-knowledge, self-companionship, and self-development that can all make for a rich and rewarding journey through adult life. 

The harmful effects of being full of oneself can occur when the only child starts assuming too much self-importance in the family, and parents (unwilling to disappoint or cross their precious son or daughter) allow this unhealthy growth to continue. Fullness of self, if allowed to flourish with no concern for others in the family, can cause the only child to acquire an "only" attitude that is self-centered to a fault. 

If parents can keep in mind that one purpose of family is to serve as a sheltered experience in which they approximate the larger social reality the child will one day enter, then they can teach the interpersonal skills the child will one day need to cope successfully with independence. The way for parents to moderate the risks of the "only" attitude is to teach the only child the principles of mutuality. 

AdultizeTo encourage a child early in life to precociously acquire adult skills, attitudes, and bearing. 

Attitude How does the child feel about himself or herself, about other people, and about life, in consequence of this important loss ... 

If the child says "I hate myself " "I ll never trust again " "Life never works out the way I want " parents need to speak up. Rather than let these negative attitudes go unchallenged and reduce self-esteem even further, they need to offer affirmative alternatives "It s love, and trust, and optimism that keep a person feeling worthwhile and that life is worth living. Your attitude has a lot to do with how your experiences will be."... 

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