Cell attachment factors

A variety of substrate- and cell-attached factors influence neural development by regulating adhesion properties of cells (see Ch. 7). Interactions occur directly between cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix (see Ch. 2). The molecules mediating these interactions have been implicated in regulating the specificity and timing of cell-cell adhesion and the consequences on cell morphology and physiology. Hence, they influence the ability of cells not only to migrate but to sort themselves out and to stabilize spatial relationships considered important for the process of differentiation. 

Disadvantages Cells only grow when attached to solid substrates cells require additional attachment factor not easy to scale up more cleaning validation issues and high disposal cost more difficult to operate than suspension process... 

Cell attachment and cell spreading are two related events but they are not necessarily controlled by the same factors. Attachment of cells to other cells or to a substrate occurs rapidly and may depend... 

Mammalian cell culture is the most important source of therapeutic proteins and monoclonal antibodies. Just as mammalian cells are more complicated than most other microorganisms, the media required for their growth is also more complex. The extracellular medium must provide the same nutrients and growth factors that mammalian cells are exposed to in vivo in order for them to survive, proliferate, and differentiate. Serum contains many important components that support the growth of mammalian cells including growth factors, hormones, transport and binding proteins, attachment factors, protease inhibitors, and... 

In summary, advances in our understanding of the nutritional and hormonal requirements of cells in culture and of the role played by attachment factors and transport proteins have led to the possibility that any cell can be cultured in the absence of serum. The type of serum substitute used and the means of achieving a serum-free culture system should be determined by the ultimate purpose that the culture system is to serve. The advantages of serum-free culture are manifest both in the practical realm of providing an inexpensive and simple starting material for the purification of cell-secreted proteins, such as antibodies, and for providing a more precise definition of the in vitro environment in order to model more... 

The growth vessel and some supplements are determined by whether the cells are grown attached or in suspension. When the cells are anchorage dependent, they can be grown in plates or flasks. As serum is reduced, it may be necessary to add attachment factors to the culture. For cells grown in suspension in spinner flasks or fermenters, non-ionic surfactants (F68) that increase viscosity may be needed to minimize shear stress caused by agitation. 

Adsorption. An important factor in adsorption to a surface is its chemical nature and, in particular, wettabihty. Polystyrene manufactured into vessels does not have a good chemical structure in this regard and requires treatment to produce a negatively charged surface suitable for electrostatic attachment and cell adhesion (Maroudas, 1993). The first stage of adsorption requires the presence of... 

The conditions of cell culture are critical for chemical testing. Particular attention must be given to the medium used for the cultivation of cells. While the use of serum, usually foetal bovine serum (FBS), has long been customary to provide isolated cells with a pool of nutrients, attachment factors, and hormones, several issues are encouraging scientists to move towards serum-free hormonally defined medium [53]. In particular, the composition of FBS varies from batch to batch, rendering highly discriminative analyses such... 

Sandros J, Tuomanen E (1993) Attachment factors of Bordetella pertussis mimicry of eukaryotic cell recognition molecules. Trends Microbiol 1 192-196... 

Martens, J.IT., Verlaan, M., Kalkhoven, E., Dorsman, ).C., and Zantema, A. (2002) Scaf-fold/matrix attachment region elements interact with a p300-scafifold attachment factor A complex and are bound by acetylated nucleo-somes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 2598—2606. 

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