Matrix attachment region

Namciu SJ, Blochhnger KB, Eoumier RE (1998) Human matrix attachment regions insulate transgene expression from chromosomal position effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 18 2382-2391... 

Dickinson LA, Kohwi-Shigematsu T (1995) Nucleolin is a matrix attachment region DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a region with high base-unpairing potential. Mol Cell Biol 15 456 65... 

Forrester WC, van Genderen C, Jenuwein T, Grosschedl R (1994) Dependence of enhancer-mediated transcription of the immunoglobulin mu gene on nuclear matrix attachment regions. Science 265(5176) 1221-1225... 

Gohring F, Fackelmayer FO (1997) The scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein hnRNP-U (SAF-A) is directly bound to chromosomal DNA in vivo a chemical cross-linking study. Biochemistry 36(27) 8276-8283... 

Stunkel W, Huang Z, Tan SH, O Connor MJ, Bernard HU (2000) Nuclear matrix attachment regions of human papillomavirus type 16 repress or activate the E6 promoter, depending on the physical state of the viral DNA. J Virol 74(6) 2489-2501... 

Zahn-Zabal M, Kobr M, Girod PA, Imhof M, Chatellard P, de Jesus M, Wurm F, Mermod N (2001) Development of stable cell lines for production or regulated expression using matrix attachment regions. J Biotechnol 87(l) 29-42... 

C. Girard-Reydet, D. Gregoire, Y. Vassetzky, and M. Mechali, DNA replication initiates at domains overlapping with nuclear matrix attachment regions in the Xenopus and mouse c-myc promoter. Gene 332, 129-138 (2004). 

Betz, A.G., Milstein, C., Gonzilez-Femindez, A., Pannell, R., Larson, T., Neuberger, M.S. (1994). Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin k gene critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region. Cell 77,239-248. 

Wang B, Dickinson LA, Koivunen E, Rouslahti E, Kohwi-Shigematsu T, A novel matrix attachment region DNA binding motif identified using a random phage peptide library, J. Biol. Chem., 270(40) 23239-23242, 1995. 

Scaffold and matrix attachment region Smooth mnscle cell... 

Model of eukaryotic gene structure and gene expression stages. BEs are boundary elements that bind proteins to prevent the enhancer effects on outside genes. MARs are matrix attachment regions. 

Girod, P.-A. and Mermod, N. (2003) Use of scaffold/matrix-attachment regions for protein production. In S.C. Makrides (Ed) Gene transfer and expression in mammalian cells. Elsevier Science B.V., pp. 359-379. 

Phi-Van, L., von Kries, J.P., Ostertag, W, and Stratling, W. H. (1990) The chicken lysozyme 5 matrix attachment region increases transcription from a heterologous promoter in heterologous cells and dampens position ef fects on the expression of transfected genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 2302-2307. 

Martens, J.IT., Verlaan, M., Kalkhoven, E., Dorsman, ).C., and Zantema, A. (2002) Scaf-fold/matrix attachment region elements interact with a p300-scafifold attachment factor A complex and are bound by acetylated nucleo-somes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 2598—2606. 

Fernandez, L.A., Winkler, M., and Grosschell, R. (2001) Matrix attachment region-dependent function of the immunoglobulin mu enhancer involves histone acetylation at a distance without changes in enhancer occupancy. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 196-208. 

Alternatively, sequences proposed to sta-bihze or increase expression may be inserted into the vector. Multiple such elements have been described such as ubiquitous chromatin opening (UCOE) element or the EASE element [23] US Patent 6,312,951). Comparable to matrix attachment regions, insulators or locus control regions (LCR), these elements act in cis... 

Several vectors/ MARtech/CHO - Matrix Attachment Region Technology by Se-lexis and manufacturing by Diosynth, The Netherlands and USA. 

In situ hybridization experiments with several different fluorescent-labeled probes to DNA in human Interphase cells support the loop model shown in Figure 10-24. In these experiments, some probe sequences separated by millions of base pairs in linear DNA appeared reproducibly very close to one another in interphase nuclei from different cells (Figure 10-25). These closely spaced probe sites are postulated to lie close to specific sequences in the DNA, called scaffold-associated regions (SARs) or matrix-attachment regions (MARs), that are bound to the chromosome scaffold. SARs have been mapped by digesting histone-depleted chromosomes with restriction enzymes and then recovering the fragments that are bound to scaffold proteins. 

Describe the general organization of a eukaryotic chromosome. What structural role do scaffold associated regions (SARs) or matrix attachment regions (MARs) play Where are genes primarily located relative to chromosome structure ... 

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