Atomic force microscopy graphite surface

Film-forming chemical reactions and the chemical composition of the film formed on lithium in nonaqueous aprotic liquid electrolytes are reviewed by Dominey [7], SEI formation on carbon and graphite anodes in liquid electrolytes has been reviewed by Dahn et al. [8], In addition to the evolution of new systems, new techniques have recently been adapted to the study of the electrode surface and the chemical and physical properties of the SEI. The most important of these are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FTIR, NMR, EPR, calorimetry, DSC, TGA, use of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCMB) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 

The morphology of Prussian blue electrodeposited onto a mono-crystalline graphite surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy (ATM) and is presented in... 

Batra, I. P., and Ciraci, S. (1988). Theoretical scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy study of graphite including tip-surface interaction. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 313-318. 

A.M. Oliveira Brett and A.-M. Chiorcea, Atomic force microscopy of DNA immobilized onto a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode surface, Langmuir, 19 (2003) 3830-3839. 

Determination of the optimal experimental conditions for the atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of the surface morphology of a DNA electrochemical biosensor obtained using different immobilization procedures of calf-thymus double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode surface. 

Figure 7 Examples of nanotribology on dry carbon surfaces for atomic force microscopy (AFM) (a) schematic description of the out-of-plane graphene deformation with the sliding AFM (Lee et al., 2010), (b) nanotube without tip (left) and tip-nanotube interaction under 2.5 nN normal force (right) (Lucas et al., 2009), (c) stick-slip rolling model with a step rotation of a C60 molecule (Miura et al., 2003), and (d) ballistic sliding of gold nanocluster on graphite (Schirmeisen, 2010).

Graphene has been prepared by different methods pyrolysis of camphor under reducing conditions (CG), exfoliation of graphitic oxide (EG), conversion of nanodiamond (DG) and arc evaporation of SiC (SG). The samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Raman spectroscopy shows EG and DG to exhibit smaller in-plane crystallite sizes, but in combination with XRD results EG comes out to be better. The CG, EG and DG samples prepared by us have BET surface areas of 46,... 

The employed technique for this purpose was the so-called colloidal-probe AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). A carbon microparticle with high degree of carbonization was attached to the top of the cantilever tip, forming the colloidal probe, and its interaction force with cleaved graphite was measured within a liquid cell filled with organic liquid, controlled at a desired temperature above the bulk freezing point of the liquid. The two surfaces will form a slit-shaped nanospace because the radius of the particle is far larger than the separation distance concerned here. 

As indicated in Section 2.1, some of the major connections of graphite with adsorption work have to do with carrying out measurements on a well-controlled surface, or, in the case of theoretical studies, to use its structure as a model for simulating the adsorption of different molecules on its surface. Moreover, HOPG is a material of choice for techniques such as scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopies and, as such, has often been used to directly visualize large molecules adsorbed on its surfrce. 

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