Astrocytic gliomas

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases, are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by spongiform changes, astrocytic gliomas, and neuronal loss resulting from the deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in neural cells. They include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in... 

BUNIN G R, KUIJTEN R R, BOESEL C P, BUCKLEY J D and MEADOWS A T (1994), Maternal diet and risk of astrocytic glioma in children A report from the Children s Cancer Group (United States and Canada) , Cancer Causes and Control, 5, 177-87. 

Kurpad SN, Zhao XG, Wikstrand CJ, Batra SK, McLendon RE, Bigner DD. Tumor antigens in astrocytic gliomas. Glia 1995 15 244-256. 

Brain tissue and tumors have rarely been studied using FTIR, although Salzer et al (23) have recently described the use of FTIR mapping as a basis for the classification of human astrocytic gliomas. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant human brain tumor and numerous clinical studies and... 

Kara, A. and Okayasu, I. (2004). Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human astrocytic gliomas correlation with angiogenesis and prognostic significance. Acta Neuropathol. 108, 43-48. 

A number of toxic conditions beside hypoosmotic stress and hypoxia/ischemia produce brain edema and the causes may be related to regulation of the aquaporins (see Ch. 34). AQP1 and AQP4 are intensely upregulated in reactive astrocytes in subarachnoid hemorrhage [69], in human glioma and astrocytoma [70] and AQP4 in endothelia and reactive astrocytes in metastatic carcinoma [71,72]. 

Chang, G.H., Barbara, N.M., and Pieper, R.O., 2000, Phosphatidylserine-dependent phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by normal human microgha, astrocytes, and glioma cells, Neuro-oncol. 2 174-183. 

Brain microvascular EC monolayers together with an astrocyte-enriched subendothelial collagen gel can be used to simulate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (39). Such systems are invaluable to screen for compounds able to penetrate the BBB to access brain tumors or metastases. In addition, glioma cell invasion into brain fragments has enabled better understanding of the properties of these highly invasive tumors and identification of potential therapeutic targets (40). 

H. Ohgaki, P. Kleihues, Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 64(6) (2005) 479-489. 

Figure 1.11 Growth curves of a mixture of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from C-6 rat glioma 2B cells the cells were incubated for 14 days with or without EGF (epidermal growth factor). EGF was added to the medium in three increasing doses. By 10 days, the cell cultured with EGF showed a statistically significant faster growth than the controls without EGF. By day 14, growth rates in all experimental cells had declined to control values.47 (From Timiras, PS. et al., Mech. Ageing Dev., 126, 3, 2005. With permission.)...

D. Vandier, O. Rixe, M. Brenner, A. Gouyette, and F. Besnard, Selective killing of glioma cell lines using an astrocyte-specific expression of the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase gene, Cancer Res. 58 4577 (1998). 

Erythrocytes from humans, birds, and rat Ehrlich ascites tumor cells astrocytes fibroblasts C67 glioma cells intestine trachea parotid MDCK cells retinal pigment epithelium frog skin HeLa cells rabbit medullary thick ascending limb Inhibition of K+ and Cl channels... 

Pianet, I., Merle, M., Labouesse, J., Canioni, P. (1991). Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of C6 glioma cells and rat astrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 195,87-95. 

Fig,1, Dual effect of cannabinoids on the viability oftransformed versus non-transformed glial cells. In glioma cells, cannabinoids activate CBq and CB2 receptors, inducing sustained ceramide accumulation and inhibition ofthe pro-survival kinase Akt, leading in turn to apoptosis. In normal astrocytes, cannabinoids activate CBi receptors, preventing ceramide-induced Akt inhibition and leading in turn to cell survival... 

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