ASTM, USA

ASTM. D2688-90 Standard Test Methods for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Methods). ASTM, USA, 1990. 

Common metallic materials of constructions are discussed briefly below. Specific information about properties and applications can be found in quality standards practiced in each country, such as for example SAE, AISI, ASTM (USA), BS (UK), DIN (Germany), NF (France), UNI (Italy), NEN (The Netherlands), etc. 

Standard Test Method for Iron Bacteria in Water and Waterformed Deposits (1997). ASTM D932-85 (Reapproved 1997), ASTM annual book, ASTM, USA, 2007. 

Annual Book ofASTM Standards, The American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, ASTM, USA. 

The demand for consumer products that are truly biodegradable has led to national and international Definitions and Standards of Biodegradability. Regulatory bodies, such as ASTM (USA) and ISO (international), CEN (Europe), JAS (Japan), have all published such standards and issued logos that certify to meet these standards. Although the definitions, test methods, and certification requirements differ, the following are some common features ... 

ASTM International. 2003. Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards (ASTM E617-97), ASTM, USA. (A typical ASTM specification, 7 pages long, obtainable as a hard copy or as a. pdf file.)... 

ASTM USA http //www.astm.org http //www.bpiworId. org/ BPI-certification-requirements... 

Test Method, where available, shows the initials of the test-standards organisations, i.e. National -NF French DIN German BS UK ASTM USA, etc. International (ISO, EN, etc.) industry standards, e.g. Airbus, General Motors. Specification numbers for particular properties, if given, are stated in the Notes of each data sheet. 

ASTM G48. Standard Method for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by use of Ferric Chloride Solution. Philadelphia ASTM, USA. 

Penetrability is the depth, expressed in tenths of a millimeter, a standard steel needle penetrates into a bitumen sample at 25°C. The needle carries a weight of 100 g and the test is applied for five seconds. The corresponding test method is relatively difficult to carry out and is defined in France by the standard NF T 66-004, and in the USA by the method ASTM D 583. Penetration is related to the viscosity. 

A bitumen sample is oxidized at high temperature under well defined conditions and its physical characteristics are measured before and after this artificiai ageing process. The method is defined in France as AFNOR T 66-032 and in the USA by ASTM D 2872 (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test). 

The national organizations are often relayed into each profession by a body created and financed by this profession and which undertakes all or part of the work in preparing the standards. In the petroleum industry, this role is carried out in France by the BNPet (Bureau de Normalisation du Petrole) and in Germany by the FAM (Fachausschuss Mineralol-und Brennstoffnormung), in the United Kingdom by the IP (Institute of Petroleum), and in the USA by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). In the first two cases, the standards are published only by the national organizations (AFNOR and DIN respectively), while the IP and the ASTM also publish their own documents, only some of which are adopted by the BSI and ANSI, respectively. 

ASTM C 749-92, "Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite". ASTM Standards Vol. 15.01, pp. 196 207, Pub. American Society for Testing of Materials, Philadelphia, USA (1994). 

In the USA, there is the ASTM standards and the well-known General Electric requirements. The total useful life of turbine oil is its most important characteristic. ASTM method D943 (IP 157) measures the life indirectly by assessing the useful life of the oxidation inhibitor contained in the formulation and are often referred to as the TOST life of the oil. Rust prevention is generally assessed by the ASTM D665 (IP 135) method. 

ASTM D3895-07 Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Book of Standards Vol. 08.02, ASTM International (formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials), West Conshohocken, PA, USA. 

M. Dadfamia, P. Sofronis, I. M. Robertson, and B. P. Somerday, Hydrogen/Plasticity Interaction at Internal Cracks in Pipeline Steels, Seventh International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture, Tampa, Florida, USA, November 2007. 

Component USA ASTM UNS International ISO Germany DIN 17007 Germany DIN 17006 Great Britain BSI France AFNOR Japan JIS... 

ASTM Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests With Fish, Annual Book of ASTM Standards American Society for Testing of Materials Philadelphia, USA, 1991 Vol. 11.04, 857-882. 

A sample of a standard calcium carbonate slurry was received from a large manufacturer in the USA. This sample was subjected to preservative efficacy testing according to the ASTM E 723-91 test protocol. Preservative treated samples were inoculated with a mixed bacterial inoculum containing organisms with a known tolerance or resistance to BIT (l,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one). Untreated controls were included for reference purposes. The test procedure is outlined below. 

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). (1988). Standard guide for conducting 10-day static sediment toxicity tests with marine and estuarine amphipods. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Pesticides, Resource Recovery, Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responses, Waste Disposal, Biological Effects, 11.04, ASTM E 1367. Ed. by ASTM, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 732-757. 

It is in the commercial interests of ASTM (and other USA bodies) to retain the income from their standards... 

The national standards system in the USA differs in many respects from the British, in particular the organisation which publishes the standards of most interest, ASTM International, is not the official national standards body having ISO membership. That function is fulfilled by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 

ANSI is the premier USA standardisation body and, in being the official ISO representative, is the counterpart of BSI. It was previously known as the American Standards Association. ANSI does not itself write standards but approves as American standards those produced by ASTM and other similar organisations. More details can be found at www.ansi.org. 

ASTM D318316 deals only with cutting test pieces from rubber that is not in the form of sheets, but the content is very similar to the relevant parts of ISO 4661, covering slicers, skiving machines, buffing wheels and abrasive bands. Apparently, buffing wheel apparatus is known as an Emerson type rubber buffer in the USA, presumably after a manufacturer. 

A more accurate apparatus (conforming to Standard ASTM D 2480-79) is the Abrasion Tester manufactured by Gardner (USA) (Fig. 4.4.3b). 

Hallenbach M, Grohs J, Kraft M, Mamich S (1995) Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to Radionucleide Determination (ASTM STP 1129), ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, USA. 

ASTM (2005) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11,02, ASTM, West Con-shohocken, PA, USA. 

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