Associative thinking

Figure 9 4 Steps and choice-poims in associative thinking...

Figure 7-12 shows a concept tree of ideas that are already in use to avoid the problems of tanker fouling. Note that just drawing this provokes associations. Think of a series of release mechanisms of chemicals, and of whole groups of chemicals that might be used, or of any combination of these. 

Figure 8-4. Steps and choice-points in associative thinking.

The reader may think of a finite dimensional subspace of the original state space. This subspace may, e.g., be associated with a suitable discretization in space. For a generalization of Thm. 3 to the infinitely dimensioned case, see [5]. 

In discussing science we also need to define its scope, as well as the methods and views (concepts) involved in its pursuit. It is also useful to think about what science is not, although this can sometimes become controversial. Significant and important studies such as those concerned with the fields of sociology, politics, or economics increasingly use methods that previously were associated only with the physical and biological sciences or mathematics. However, I believe these... 

Tolling operations should be held to the same principles of public openness and communication espoused by forward thinking companies in the chemical industry. In 1988, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) initiated the Responsible Care initiative to assist in making this possible. Its goal is to lead the chemical industry in ethical practices that increasingly benefit society, the economy and the environment. 

There is basically one goal for the partnership, with possible side benefits. The goal is to save money. When all the dust settles, that is it. However, there are associated benefits, the best of which is to minimize or even do away with adversarial relationships. It may be wishful thinking to believe that these will be completely eliminated. A related, but very important, benefit is to build trust between the parties. This is necessary to achieve the goal. 

If you think some of the synthesis problems at the end of this chapter are hard, try devising a synthesis of vitamin B12 starting only from simple substances you can buy in a chemical catalog. This extraordinary achievement was reported in 1973 as the culmination of a collaborative effort headed by Robert B. Woodward of Harvard University and Albert Eschenmoser of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. More than 100 graduate students and postdoctoral associates contributed to the w ork, which took more than a decade. 

When we think about communication, we have a propensity to associate this term with written and oral messages. Effective communication goes beyond speaking and writing intelligibly it includes ... 

A good way to think of formative evaluation is as an extension of the original training activities associated with the laimch of the mentoring program. The evaluation helps to keep the program on track with its objectives. 

Ever since the special stability of benzene was recognized, chemists have been thinking about homologous molecules and wondering whether this stability is also associated with rings that are similar but of different sizes, such as cyclobutadiene... 

This review mostly summarizes the scientific information available in developed countries, where the prevalence of diseases associated with water use is kept under very acceptable levels. However, there are reasons to think that the situation might worsen as a consequence of the effects of the climatic change, the increase of population in certain areas and the deterioration of sanitation infrastructures. It may be necessary to take new measures to maintain the present situation. Better knowledge of the water-borne pathogens, where they originate, how they persist or replicate in the environment, how they survive water treatments, and how they are transported in water and soil, will allow us to take the necessary measures to prevent the effects of water scarcity as well as the effects of extreme climatic events foreseen for the future by the experts in climatic change [13]. 

The expert is aware that the electron s history has no significance, but a learner may well expect there to be a greater attraction between an atomic core and the bonding electron that belongs to that atom (Taber, 1998). Such beliefs may seem rather bizarre for those used to thinking of chemistry in terms of fundamental concepts (such as energy and forces), but actually reflect one of the basic principles of magic that seem to commonly influence people s intuitions about the natural world (Nemeroff Rozin, 2000). Indeed the notion that a past association leaves some... 

Swartz, R. J. (1991). Infusing the teaching of critical thinking into content instruction. In Costa, E. A. (Ed.), Developing minds A resource book for teaching thinking. (Vol. 1, pp. 177-184). Alexandria, VA Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. 

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