Assembly of monolayers

Tulevski GS, Miao Q, Fukuto M, Abram R, Ocko B, Ffindak R, Steigerwald ML, Kagan CR, Nuckolls C (2004) Attaching organic semiconductors to gate oxides in situ assembly of monolayer field effects transistors. J Am Chem Soc 126 15048-15050... 

Self assembly of monolayers on gold electrodes provided a viable approach to sensor construction (see below), as well as permitted electrochemical characterization of the mechanism involved in chemisorption [233,236-239]. Electrochemical investigation of the spontaneous adsorption of n-alkanethiols onto a gold electrode and the subsequent desorption of the monolayer were rationalized in terms of oxidation and reduction of the sulfur atom [233]. More intimate details concerning the chemical fate of all species involved in the chemisorption process have not yet been elucidated. 

Figure 13.2 Surface assembly of monolayers in a Langmuir trough.

The assembly of monolayers of alkylbromide-functionalized Co nanoparticles onto amino-terminated silicon surfaces through direct nucleophilic substitution was reported by Kim et al.17 The nanoparticle density on the surface can be controlled by changing the immersion time of the silicon surface in the nanoparticle solution. Directed assembly of nanoparticles was observed on a chemically patterned surface. 

In order to improve synthesis of TM/3CDLA, the self-assembly of monolayers on a gold electrode based on a protected cyclodextrin-LA derivative, viz. mono-6-lipoyl-amido-2,3,6-0-peracetyl-)3-cyclodextrin, has also been performed involving the deacetylation step on the electrode surface after monolayer formation <2003ANC5687>. Applying the same methodology, immobilization of the /3-cyclodextrin-LA derivative, mono-6-deoxy-lipoyl-amido-per-2,3,6-0-acetyl-/3-cyclodextrin on the solid surface was employed for the preparation of cyclodextrin-modified gold electrodes. 

Lee JS, Ha K, Lee YJ, and Yoon KB. Ultrasound-aided remarkably fast assembly of monolayers of zeolite crystals on glass with very high degree of lateral close packing. Adv Mater 2005 17 837-841. 

The periphery of convergently synthesized den-drimers has also been modified to allow the assembly of monolayers,494 to support dendritic catalysts,495 to control the intermolecular assembly of porphyrin dendrimers,246 to probe the effect of photo isomerization,319 and to enable cross-linking of the periphery followed by removal of the core.496 These studies in peripheral modification highlight the versatility of the convergent synthesis. In particular, the ability to selectively modify the periphery and focal functionalities of a dendron enables the design of complex macromolecules that involve the interaction between multiple functional components. 

The formation of two- and three-dimensional phases on electrode surfaces is a topic of central importance in interfacial electrochemistry. It is of relevance not only to hmdamental problems, such as the formation of ionic and molecular adsorbate films, but also to areas of great technological interest, such as thin-film deposition, self-assembly of monolayers, and passivation. So far, phase formation in electrochemical systems has been studied predominantly by kinetic measurements using electrochemical or spectroscopic techniques. In order to understand and control these processes as well as the resulting interface structure better, however, improved... 

Tlie potential of electronics with organic molecules and the technologies employed in then production, such as soft hthography and self-assembly of monolayers,> the feasibility of micro- and nano-devices for biomedical applications. 

In several studies on the adhesion of self-assembled monolayers, Chaudhury modified the surface of a crosslinked PDMS by corona-treatment following self-assembly of monolayers of varying chemistries. In a similar manner, Mangipudi et al. [55] coated thin film of high molecular weight polymer from a solvent on to the oxidized surface of a PDMS cap. These studies are discussed in Section 4.2. 

Rizza, R., Fitzmaurice, D., Heame, S., Hughes, G., Spoto, G., Cihberto, E., Kerp, H. and Schropp, R. 1997. Self-assembly of monolayers of semiconductor nanocrystalhtes. Chem. Mater. 9(12) 2969-2982. 

The self-assembly of molecules such as thiols and dithiols on metal surfaces is well-established and has been used to attach cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals, for example, to Au surfaces [42], and to measure their electrical properties [43,44]. Attachment of CdS nanoparticle mono-layer onto bifunctional 1,5-hexanedithiol or 1,10-decanedithiol SAM has been reported [36, 42, 45]. In addition, various authors have also demonstrated assembly of monolayers of alkanethiols and other molecules on GaAs surfaces [46-49]. The alkanethiols were presumed to bind selectively to arsenic atoms on GaAs (100) surface [48, 49]. 

Wang G, Murray RW (2004) Controlled assembly of monolayer-protected gold clusters by dissolved DNA. Nano Lett 4 95-101... 

C.D. Bain, G.M. Whitesides, Formation of 2-Component Surfaces by the Spontaneous Assembly of Monolayers on Gold from Solutions Containing Mixtures of Organic Thiols. J Am Chem Soc (1988) Vol. 110(19) pp. 6560-6561. 

Molecular assembly of monolayers bearing initiator terminal groups... 

The hydroquinone derivative 191 was esterified by thioctic acid 192 in the presence of 4-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and (N,N-dimethylamino)pyri-dine (DMAP) to give thiolane substituted perfluorinated BSubPc 193 (Scheme 49) which exhibited an enhance ability for self-assembling of monolayers on gold-substrates [107]. 

Scheme 1 Self-Assembly of Monolayer and Multilayered Films at the Zirconated Template Layer.

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