Aspiration system 90 cartridge

A final example of totally automated HPLC (although it isn t for pesticides) will demonstrate how many different unit operations can be done in a single system to take the tedium out of repetitive analyses. The drug analyzer depicted in Figure 14 was designed to determine therapeutic levels of theophylline in human serum (8). The sampler (in the center) aspirates 50 uL of serum into the analytical cartridge, then to the EDM, and finally to the LC module. The following series of operations takes place at the rate of 20 samples per hour without operator intervention unmeasured, untreated sample is aspirated, diluted with buffer, and mixed with an internal standard the system then precipitates the protein, removes the particulates, extracts the analyte (and internal standard) into... 

These constitute a major component of all POCT devices other than qualitative or semiquantitative strip tests that do not require a reader or measurement device. In even the smallest device, there is a control subsystem that coordinates all the other systems and ensures that all the required processes for an analysis tal e place in the correct order. Operations that require control include insertion or removal of the strip, cartridge, or cassette temperature control sample injection or aspiration sample detection mbdng timing of the detection process, such as absorbance measurement and waste removal. Fluid movement can often be... 

Applied Separation s instrument, the Spe-ed Wiz, is an example of a semiautomated SPE system (Fig. 10.1), where some manual intervention is required. In this system, the analyst must manually pour the samples onto the SPE column, and add the elution receiver or test tube. The Spe-ed Wiz will condition the cartridge and prepare it for sample addition. The sample is manually added to the test tube and the Spe-ed Wiz will aspirate the sample, or (he lid can be closed to load the samples. After the sample is loaded on the columns (syringe type), the columns are rinsed, and elution tubes must be manually placed in the elution rack. The elution is automated. 

The instruments with which continuous techniques of clinical analysis are carried out belong to the group of flexible analysers. Segmented-flow instruments used in this field are multi-parameter and allow the simultaneous determination of the different species by means of systems splitting the aspirated sample into as many lines as parameters are to be determined (see Chapter 5). The adaptation for analysis of a new parameter Is readily accomplished by simply changing the corresponding analytical cartridge. Thanks to Its versatility, the FIA technique is adaptable to any type of analysis, whether for one... 

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