Aspiration hazard

Primary human skin irritation of tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and octadecanol is nil they have been used for many years ia cosmetic creams and ointments (24). Based on human testing and iudustrial experience, the linear, even carbon number alcohols of 6—18 carbon atoms are not human skin sensitizers, nor are the 7-, 9- and 11-carbon alcohols and 2-ethylhexanol. Neither has iudustrial handling of other branched alcohols led to skin problems. Inhalation hazard, further mitigated by the low vapor pressure of these alcohols, is slight. Sustained breathing of alcohol vapor or mist should be avoided, however, as aspiration hazards have been reported (25). 

Treatment for acute exposure to benzene vapor involves removing the subject from the affected area, followed by artificial respiration with oxygen intubation and cardiac monitors may be necessary for severe acute exposures (125,127). Because of its low surface tension, benzene poses a significant aspiration hazard if the liquid enters the lungs. Emesis is indicated in alert patients if more than 1 mL of benzene per kg of body weight has been ingested and less than two hours have passed between ingestion and treatment (127). 

Gerarde HW. 1963. Toxicological studies on hydrocarbons. IX. The aspiration hazard and toxicity of hydrocarbon mixtures. Arch Environ Health 6 329-341. 

A review of the medical literature on chemical aspiration revealed that some hydrocarbons (petroleum distillates) and certain chlorinated hydrocarbons have been shown to pose an aspiration hazard in humans. Primary alcohols, and ketones have been shown to pose an aspiration hazard only in animal studies. 

While a methodology for determination of aspiration hazard in animals has been utilized, it has not been standardized. Positive experimental evidence with animals can only serve as a guide to possible aspiration toxicity in humans. Particular care must be taken in evaluating animal data for aspiration hazards. 

If bridging principles do not apply, classify under Aspiration hazard Category 2 Mixtures containing 10% or more of a substance or substances classified in Category 2 and having a kinematic viscosity of 14 mmVs or less, measured at 40 °C Mixtures which separate into two or more distinct layers, one of which contains 10% or more of a substance or substances classified in Category 2 aspiration toxicity hazard and has a kinematic viscosity of 14 mmVs or less, measured at 40 °C. Hazard statement May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways... 

The first task of the UNSCEGHS was to make the GHS available for worldwide use and application. The first version of the document, which was intended to serve as the initial basis for the global implementation of the system, was approved by the Committee of Experts at its first session (11-13 December 2002) and published in 2003 under the symbol ST/SG/AC. 10/30. At its second session (10 December 2004), the Committee of Experts adopted a set of amendments to the GHS, which were consolidated in document ST/SG/AC. 10/32/Add.3 and ST/SG/AC. 10/32/Add.3/Corr.l. This first revised version of the GHS takes account of all these amendments, which also include new provisions for aspiration hazards and guidance on the use of precautionary statements and pictograms and on the preparation of Safety Data Sheets (SDS s). 

No acute effects have been reported in humans. By analogy to effects reported with structurally similar compounds and in animals, cyclohexene is regarded as a mild respiratory irritant and CNS depressant. When ingested, it represents a low to moderate pulmonary aspiration hazard. 

Contact with the skin should be minimized by thoroughly washing affected areas for at least 15 min. Symptoms of dermatitis should be treated if necessary. If ingested, vomiting should not be induced since ether poses an aspiration hazard and chemical pneumonitis may occur. CNS depression may result from ingestion. Treatment should be symptomatic. There are no known antidotes to diethyl ether. 

Without prejudice to the above, substances and preparations which present an aspiration hazard, are labeled with R 65, can be used as fuel in decorative lamps, and are placed on the market in packaging of a capacity of 15 litres or less may not contain a coloring agent unless this is required for fiscal reasons or perfume or both. 

Toxtology May cause mild eye and skin irritation vapors or mist may cause respiratory irritation harmful it swallowed or inhaled ing. may cause Gl irritation, nausea, vomiting (aspiration hazard), diarrhea TSCA listed... 

Properties Clear liq. m.w. 116.13 sp.gr. 1.141 m.p. -50 C b.p. 250 C flash pt. 66 C pH 6-8 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 5 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 2 g/kg low toxicity by ing. skin and eye irritant aspiration hazard if swallowed can enter lungs and cause damage inh. of high cones, may cause nose/throat irritation, headache, nausea, drowsiness Environmental Biodeg. LC50 (rainbow trout)... 

Toxicology LDLo (IV, mouse) 9821 mg/kg possible aspiration hazard direct aspiration into the lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, hemorrhaging severe irritant irritating to skin, eyes, respiratory system TSCA listed... 

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