Carbon residue asphalt

The carbon residue of asphalt serves as an indication of the propensity of the sample to form carbonaceous deposits (thermal coke) under the influence of heat. The residue produced is also often used to provide thermal data that give an indication of the composition of the asphalt (Speight, 2000 Speight, 2001). 

Other test methods that are used for determining the coking value of tar and pitch (ASTM D-2416, ASTM D-4715), which indicates the relative coke-forming properties of tars and pitches, might also be applied to asphalt. Both test methods are applicable to tar and pitch with an ash content <0.5% (ASTM D-2415). The former test method (ASTM D-2416) gives results close to those obtained by the Conradson carbon residue test (ASTM D-189, IP 13). However, in the latter test method (ASTM D-4715), a sample is heated for a specified time at 550 10°C (1022 18°F) in an electric furnace. The percentage of residue is reported as the coking value. 

The ultimate pitch product is a black tar best characterized by its softening point. This can vary from below room temperature to above 200°F by control of front-end distillation. Its specific gravity is normally 1.15-1.20, and it is incompatible with asphalt or residual fuel oil. It finds markets as a raw material for petroleum coke or carbon black and for various specialty end uses. It is a preferred feed for needle coke manufacture. It can also be used as a low sulfur fuel oil. 

Density — Sulfur — Mercaptans — Octane — FIONA — Chromatography — Density — Sulfur — Viscosity — Cetane — Cold properties — Aniline — Aromatics — Nitrogen — Density — Sulfur — Viscosity — Refractive Index — Cold properties — Aniline — Nitrogen — Metals — Asphaltenes — Carbon residue — Density — Sulfur — Viscosity — Carbon residue — Cold properties — Metals — Asphaltenes — Asphalt properties ... 

The carbon residue of a petroleum crude oil is proportional to the asphalt content, normally measured by Conradson Carbon ASTM D 189. In most cases the lower the carbon residue, the higher the value that can be placed on the crude oil. 

Tests of the residuum typically include density or specific gravity, total sulfur, total nitrogen, viscosity, trace metals, and carbon residue. Determination of the properties of asphalt such as penetration (ASTM Test Method D5, Penetra-... 

Residues—fuel oil, coke, asphalt, carbon black, etc. 

Vacuum distillation of the atmospheric residue complements primary distillation, enabli r.ecoyery of heavy distillate cuts from atmospheric residue that will un r o further conversion or will serve as lube oil bases. The vacuum residue containing most of the crude contaminants (metals, salts, sediments, sulfur, nitrogen, asphaltenes, Conradson carbon, etc.) is used in asphalt manufacture, for heavy fuel-oil, or for feed for others conversion processes. 

With minor exceptions the requirements for the physical and chemical properties of asphalt were essentially the same for the three national specifications and included penetration and ductiUty at 25 °C flash point % loss at 163 °C penetration of residue as a % of original solubiUty in carbon disulfide solubiUty in carbon tetrachloride specific gravity at 25°C and softening point. 

Residues may also be processed by removing carbon. These processes include deasphalting and coking, which produce usable liquid fuel components while rejecting a carbon-rich phase (asphalt or coke). 

Asphalt Hydrocarbon material ranging in consistency from heavy liquid to a solid. Most common source is residue left after fractional distillation of crude oils used primarily for surfacing roads. Asphyxia Suffocation from lack of oxygen. Chemical asphyxia is produced by a substance, such as carbon monoxide, that combines with hemoglobin to reduce die blood s capacity to transport oxygen. Simple asphyxia is the result of exposure to a substance, such as carbon dioxide, that displaces oxygen. 

Chrysene occurs as a product of combustion of fossil fuels and has been detected in automobile exhaust. Chrysene has also been detected in air samples collected from a variety of regions nationally and internationally. The concentrations were dependent on proximity to nearby sources of pollution such as traffic highways and industries, and was also dependent on seasons (generally higher concentrations were noted in winter months). Chrysene has also been detected in cigarette smoke and in other kinds of soot and smoke samples (carbon black soot, wood smoke, and soot from premixed acetylene oxygen flames). It has been detected as a component in petroleum products including clarified oil, solvents, waxes, tar oil, petrolatum, creosote, coal tar, cracked petroleum residue, extracts of bituminous coal, extracts from shale, petroleum asphalts, and coal tar pitch. 

Partial oxidation units may operate with feedstock, ranging from natural gas to heavy oil fractions such as asphalt. Heavy feedstock may contain large amounts of both sulfur and heavy metals. In many cases these compounds are removed from the raw syngas downstream the POX reactors. Some residual carbon or soot may be formed in the combustion chamber of the reactor.To avoid the carbon lay-down in the heat exchanger downstream the POX reactor, special coils and high gas velocity are used. The carbon may be removed downstream the heat exchanger in a suitable water wash or scrubbing system. ... 

Immobile hydrophobic substances are represented by most complex organic substances, plankton and vegetation residue. Near the surface most concentrated forms of such substances are peat and humus of the soil layer. At great depths it is dispersed or concentrated organic substance of rocks. Relative content of dispersed substances in rocks is described by the average mass of its carbon, which in clay rocks is approximately 1%, in sandy-silty rocks and marls 0.4%, in carbonates -0.2%. Among the immo-biles may tentatively be attributed also heavy solid bitumens, asphalts and ozocerites. Immobile hydrophobic substance is usually considered as organic matter of rocks or deposits and is included in their composition. 

---