Petroleum residues cracking

Residues (petroleum), heavy coker and light vacuum Residues (petroleum), catalytic reformer fractionator Residues (petroleum), hydrodesulphurized atmospheric tower Residues (petroleum), topping plant, low sulphur Residues (petroleum), heavy coker gas oil and vacuum gas oil Residues (petroleum), thermal cracked... 

Another approach used to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in petroleum residues is metal passivation. In this process an oil-soluble treating agent containing antimony is used that deposits on the catalyst surface in competition with contaminant metals, thus reducing the catalytic activity of these metals in promoting coke and gas formation. Metal passivation is especially important in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. Additives that improve FCC processes were found to increase catalyst life and improve the yield and quality of products. ... 

Residues (petroleum), steam-cracked naphtha distn... 

Gulf HDS A process for hydrorefining and hydrocracking petroleum residues in order to make fuels and feeds for catalytic cracking. Developed by the Gulf Research Development Company. See also hydrodesulfurization. 

Generally speaking, resid FCC (RFCC) catalysts should be very effective in bottoms cracking, be metals tolerant, and coke and dry gas selective. Based on many years of fundamental research and industrial experiences, a series of RFCC catalysts, such as Orbit, DVR, and MLC, have been developed by the SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) and successfully commercialized [1]. These catalysts are very effective in paraffinic residue cracking. However, in recent years more and more intermediate-based residue has been introduced into FCC units, and the performances of conventional RFCC catalysts are now unsatisfactory. Therefore, novel zeolites and matrices have been developed to formulate a new generation of RFCC catalysts with improved bottoms cracking activity and coke selectivity. 

SYDEC [Selective Yield DElayed Coking] A thermal cracking process that converts petroleum residues to petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbons. Developed by Foster Wheeler North America Corporation. 

This chapter deals exclusively with tertiary recycling by pyrolysis and catalytic cracking of plastics waste alone and by coprocessing with petroleum residue or heavy oils to... 

Cracking of heavy petroleum residue Al-S Saponite showed higher activity than y alumina with similar gasoline selectivity and coking characteristic to a steamed FCC. 5o... 

Chrysene occurs as a product of combustion of fossil fuels and has been detected in automobile exhaust. Chrysene has also been detected in air samples collected from a variety of regions nationally and internationally. The concentrations were dependent on proximity to nearby sources of pollution such as traffic highways and industries, and was also dependent on seasons (generally higher concentrations were noted in winter months). Chrysene has also been detected in cigarette smoke and in other kinds of soot and smoke samples (carbon black soot, wood smoke, and soot from premixed acetylene oxygen flames). It has been detected as a component in petroleum products including clarified oil, solvents, waxes, tar oil, petrolatum, creosote, coal tar, cracked petroleum residue, extracts of bituminous coal, extracts from shale, petroleum asphalts, and coal tar pitch. 

Fluidized beds aie used in both catalytic and noncatalytic systems. Typical examples of catalytic uses aie hydrocarbon cracking and reforming, oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic anhydride, and ammoxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile. Examples of noncatalytic uses are roasting of sulfide ores, coking of petroleum residues, calcination of ores, incineration of sewage sludge, and drying (Peiry and Gi een, 1999). 

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