Artificial asphalt

Other more recent examples of recreational surfaces or components are artificial turf variations for golf tee mats and croquet, permanent resident base layers replacing asphalt or asphalt and shock-absorbing underpad in artificial turf field instadations, and sand-fided turf... 

Kunst,/. art profession skill work (of art). Kunst-. artificial synthetic technical art. -asphalt, m. pitch, -ausdruck, m. technical term, -baumwolle,/. artificial cotton, -ben-zin, n. synthetic gasoline, -bronze, f. art bronze, -butter, /. artificial butter, oleomargarine. -darm, m. artificial gut, synthetic saiisage casing, -druck, m. art printing. -dUnger, m. artificial manure, fertilizer, -eis,... 

When the trouble is black thread, planters use paints, coal-tar washes, asphalt, and other treatments with varying degrees of success. New tests have shown that Fylomac 90, applied in a 0.25% solution, effects a cure in eight successive applications. In one of the most recent studies on this, Carpenter (8) tested 22 fungicides on Phytophthora panel trouble in Costa Rica. His work was under ideal conditions for the disease and with a well tested invariably successful, artificial method of inoculation. He found only one fungicide sufficiently good for his purpose—Ortho-cide 50 [captan, n-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboximide], wettable, mixed with Filmfast sticker. 

Another variety of artificial asphalt is one of the by-products of manuf of coal gas. This asphalt is the residue left in the retorts after removal from coal tar (by distillation) of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, ere sols, etc... 

Animal fat and oil processors Animal manure removers Artificial-flavour makers Asphalt storage workers Barium carbonate makers Blast furnace workers Brewery workers Bromide-brine workers Cable splicers Caisson workers Carbon disulphide workers Cellophane producers Chemical laboratory workers (lecturers, students, technicians) Cistern cleaners Citrus root fumigators Coal gasification workers Coke oven workers Copper-ore sulphidisers Depilatory makers Dye-makers Excavators Felt makers... 

In Japan an oil-absorbing artificial aggregate is reportedly manufactured using CKD that is used to improve the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete pavements by absorbing the lighter fractions of excess asphalt cement binder during hot weather... 

Oil and gas have been known since antiquity because petroleum products were found naturally on the earth s surface. There are several references in the Bible related to asphalt and bitumen. Romans used oil for lighting and heating the thermae of Constantinople. Persians and American Indians for the extraction of petroleum, used blankets that were soaked in shallow pools of water and oil and then squeezed. In China and Japan, even before the Christian era, extraction was carried out with artificial wells lined with wood or masonry. Transport was carried out with buckets, but it seems that already in 250 BC, the Chinese used flammable gas as fuel, transported with bamboo poles, making them the first pipelines. In the same period, on the shores of Lake Titicaca, it seems that the Incas distilled oil in large earthen pots heated by the sunlight. In 1859, Drake began the modem age of oil extraction wells by using cast iron pipes [1-3]. 

Apart from the natural asphalt, there is also the artificial asphalt , which is a residue of fractional distillation of crude oil (petroleum oil), simply called bitumen or asphalt nowadays. 

Sakhaeifar M.S., S. Underwood, R. Ranjithan, and Y.R. Kim. 2009. The application of artificial neural networks for estimating the dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Record,Vo. 2127, pp. 173-186. 

Asphalt is a brown or pitch black, naturally occurring or artificially produced mixture of bitumin with minerals. 

Recycled rubber is still used as tire derived fuel, but less so than 10 years ago. Another outlet is as an additive to asphalt. Recycled rubber can be used in the plastics industry, for which much development is being done. Large particle size ground rubber or chips are used in civil engineering applications, landscaping, or artificial turf. 

---