As X ray contrast liquids

Methylene iodide [75-11-6], CH2I2, also known as diio dome thane, mol wt 267.87, 94.76% I, mp 6.0°C, and bp 181°C, is a very heavy colorless liquid. It has a density of 3.325 g/mL at 20°C and a refractive index of 1.7538 at 4°C. It darkens in contact with air, moisture, and light. Its solubility in water is 1.42 g/100 g H20 at 20°C it is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, and ether. Methylene iodide is prepared by reaction of sodium arsenite and iodoform with sodium hydroxide reaction of iodine, sodium ethoxide, and hydroiodic acid on iodoform the oxidation of iodoacetic acid with potassium persulfate and by reaction of potassium iodide and methylene chloride (124,125). Diiodoform is used for determining the density and refractive index of minerals. It is also used as a starting material in the manufacture of x-ray contrast media and other synthetic pharmaceuticals (qv). 

X-ray contrast materials such as 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid. Amino sugars with applications as surfactants, liquid crystalline materials, and in polymers, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals have been prepared from long-chain alkylamines [47,48],... 

As indicated above in chiral mesophases, the introduction of a functional group in mesogenic stmctures offers the opportunity to achieve functional LCs. With this aim, mesomorphic crown-ether-isocyanide-gold(I) complexes (26) have been prepared recently [38]. The derivatives with one alkoxy chain show monotropic SmC mesophases at or close to room temperature. In contrast, the complexes with three alkoxy chains behave as monotropic (n = 4) or enantiotropic (n > 4) LCs. The structure of the mesophases could not be fully eluddated because X-ray diffraction studies in the mesophase were unsuccessful and mesophase characterization was made only on the basis of polarized optical microscopy. These complexes are luminescent not only in the solid state and in solution, but also in the mesophase and in the isotropic liquid state at moderate temperatures. The emission spectra of 26a with n=12 were... 

It was observed that EDAR index values and intervals (Tables 2 and 4) did not change markedly with the deletion of two toxicity tests. Results of applying the EDAR index to waste samples indicate that values and ranks relate to the solubility of toxicants in aqueous phases. Based on this evaluation, wastes from photographic and X-Ray laboratories were observed to be extremely hazardous in contrast to hydrocarbon-containing waste leachates, described as either slightly hazardous or hazardous. The existence of sub-levels for an equivalent hazard description allows for better sample discrimination (e.g., Pharmaceutical solid waste leachate versus liquid waste with pesticides in Table 5). 

In the glassy state the molecular structure is disorderly, and comparable to that of a liquid. This is clearly demonstrated by X-ray diffraction patterns, in which only a diffuse ring is visible, which indicates some short-distance order in contrast to to the sharp reflections found with crystals as a result of long-distance order. 

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