As EP additive

Any of a group of five chemically related nonmetallic elements chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, and astatine. Chlorine compounds are used as EP additives in certain lubricating oils, and as constituents of certain petrochemicals (e.g., vinyl chloride, chlorinated waxes). Chlorine and fluorine compounds are also used in some synthetic lubricants. 

Features Superior to chlorinated paraffins as EP additive by lowering torque at high applied loads no metallic residues meets most demulsibility requirements replacement for chlorinated paraffins in sulfochlorinated metalworking fluids Regulatory DOT nonregulated SARA 311/312 immediate health hazard, 313 nonreportabie... 

Because EP additives ate effective only by chemical action, their general use should be avoided to minimize possible corrosion difficulties and shortened lubricant life in any appHcation where they ate not necessary. For long-time operation of machines, conversion from boundary to hill-film operation is desirable through changes such as higher oil viscosity, lowered loading, or improved surface finish. 

Gear lubricants In addition to the usual oxidation and corrosion inhibitors, lubricants for heavily loaded gears almost always contain EP additives containing sulphur, chlorine or phosphorus. In order to function, these additives must react locally with the metal surfaces, and yet the extent of the reaction should not be such that it could be described as corrosive, or promote fatigue pitting . These EP additives may be quite safe with ferrous metal surfaces, but may cause severe corrosion on copper alloys, e.g. on bronze worm wheels if for any reason excessive temperatures arise. 

Some turbine lubricants have to lubricate the turbine gears as well as the turbine in these circumstances any EP additives employed should not be corrosive in the presence of moisture... 

V = s[EP] and the rate law can be derived by using the conservation equation (now containing EP as an additional species), along with two linear differential equations to solve for the three different enzyme forms ... 

Emulsions contain oil, such as mineral or compounded oil, usually in proportions of 3-10%, in the form of suspended droplets dispersed with the aid of emulsifiers. They are used where rapid heat removal is a major requirement. The additives used are usually rust inhibitors and EP additives. Water-based products, also known as water-soluble fluids, chemical fluids or synthetic fluids, do not contain oil, but only water-soluble chemicals. Water-based lubricants comprise, for example [88] the following ... 

Alexander and Toms [411] have studied the protective effect of various additives, mainly aromatic. A protection index varying between 50 and 78% was observed for most of them, if additive concentrations were of the order of 2—5%. The protection index was defined as Ep — E)/Ep, where E and Ep are the energies necessary to produce a break in the polymer in the presence and absence of the additive, respectively. The fate of some of the additives was studied it was suspected that 8-hydroxy-quinoline was consumed during irradiation whereas only a very small amount of naphthalene became linked to the polymer. They concluded that protection is the result of an energy transfer process for these two additives. 

Chem. Descrip. Triisodecyl phosphite CAS 25448-25-3 EiNECS/ELiNCS 246-998-3 Uses Heat stabilizer for polyolefins, PU, PVC, PET, coatings, lubricants improves color in rigid and plasticized PVC chelating agent with metal carboxylates as polymer additives, esp. for chlorinated polymers such as PVC and chlorinated PE antioxidant and EP agent for lubricants Properties APHA 50 max. clear liq. sp.gr. 0.884-0.904 (25/15.5 C) dens. 7.4 Ib/gal vise. 15 cps acid no. 0.05 max. flash pt. (COC) 420 F ref. index 1.4530-1.4610 6.2% P Toxicology Skin irritant... 

While oiliness agents are categorized as those which make such film by means of chemical adsorption on metal surfaces, EP additives provide the film by reaction with the metal at the interface. 

For severe cutting operations, such as gear cutting or broaching and machining tough steels, fluids with EP additives are used at dilutions from 1 in 5 to 1 in 15. 

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