Artificial definition

The double integral in Equation (8.4) is a fairly general definition of the mixing-cup average. It is applicable to arbitrary velocity profiles and noncircular cross sections but does assume straight streamlines of equal length. Treatment of curved streamlines requires a precise and possibly artificial definition of the system boundaries. See Nauman and Buffham. ... 

Definite clause grammar FormaUsm for describing languages, both natural and artificial. Definite clause grammars are translated into Prolog yielding a recursive-descent, top-down parser. 

From this one would conclude that there is a continuous transition from mesopore to micropore -the quotes indicating that this is a rather artificial definition based upon judgement. The next question is Does it matter in the answer ... 

There are no universally accepted definitions of substitute dairy foods, which are referred to as imitations, simulates, substitutes, analogues, and mimics and are associated with terms such as filled, nondairy, vegetable nondairy, and artificial milk, cheese, etc. The term nondairy has been used indiscriminately to describe both imitation dairy products and products legally defined as not being imitation dairy products. Dairy substitutes can be divided into three types those in which an animal or vegetable fat has been substituted for milk fat those that contain a milk component, eg, casein [9000-71-9] or whey protein and those that contain no milk components (see Milk and milkproducts). The first two types make up most of the substitute dairy products. 

Electrochemical cells may be used in either active or passive modes, depending on whether or not a signal, typically a current or voltage, must be actively appHed to the cell in order to evoke an analytically usehil response. Electroanalytical techniques have also been divided into two broad categories, static and dynamic, depending on whether or not current dows in the external circuit (1). In the static case, the system is assumed to be at equilibrium. The term dynamic indicates that the system has been disturbed and is not at equilibrium when the measurement is made. These definitions are often inappropriate because active measurements can be made that hardly disturb the system and passive measurements can be made on systems that are far from equilibrium. The terms static and dynamic also imply some sort of artificial time constraints on the measurement. Active and passive are terms that nonelectrochemists seem to understand more readily than static and dynamic. 

Since quench rates in simulations typically are artificially high, this leads to a special problem for comparison with experiment as well as to the question whether there is a more general way to determine the glass transition temperature from the structure of the system. The experimental definition of viscosity is certainly not apphcable to simulations. 

Delpbin has found an artificial ester as an a>Iulteraut of lavender oil which he believes to be the eibyl ester o[ the fatty acids of cocoa-nut oil. Ue has also definitely identified ethyl pbtbalale R an selul-... 

The definitions of and are, from a purely geometric-combinatorial point of view, somewhat artificial. However, p is related to R like to T. p will be derived from R, and R is the coefficient of x in the power expansion of the generating function... 

They point out that at the heart of technical simulation there must be unreality otherwise, there would not be need for simulation. The essence of the subject linder study may be represented by a model of it that serves a certain purpose, e.g., the use of a wind tunnel to simulate conditions to which an aircraft may be subjected. One uses the Monte Carlo method to study an artificial stochastic model of a physical or mathematical process, e.g., evaluating a definite integral by probability methods (using random numbers) using the graph of the function as an aid. 

Baader F. A formal definition for expressive power of knowledge representation languages. In Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI-90, Stockholm, Sweden, 1990, p. 53-58. 

In addition, definitive quantitative measures need to be defined to allow us to measure the potential survival advantages of adaptation at all three stages. This requires that we set out a fair comparison to nonadaptive versions of the same organisms, and to run the whole simulation in an artificial world, which is an accurate reflection of the actual environments that these organisms are expected to function in. 

Finally, reductionism is closely tied to the so-called syntactic approach to theories, an approach which treats theories as axiomatic systems expressed in natural or artificial languages. Indeed, closely tied may be an understatement, since deduction is a syntactic affair, and is a necessary component of reduction. Once philosophers of science began to take the semantic approach to theories seriously, the very possibility of reduction became moot. For the semantic approach treats theories as families of models, and models as implicit definitions, about which the only empirical question is whether they are applicable to phenomena. For reduction to be obtained among models semantically characterized requires an entirely different conception of reduction, and whether such a conception would capture anything of interest about inter-theoretical relations is questionable. 

It has still not been possible to obtain complete clarity and consensus on a definition of the modern terms artificial life and synthetic life . 

The rubber may be natural, in which case the latex is produced by the rubber tree. Latex of the main synthetic rubbers is produced by the technique of emulsion polymerisation. The term latex has been broadened in recent years and a general definition is now a stable dispersion of a polymeric substance in an aqueous medium . Latices may be classified as natural (from trees and plants), synthetic (by emulsion polymerisation) and artificial (by dispersion of the solid polymer in an aqueous medium). They may also be classified according to the chemical nature of the polymer, e.g., SBR, nitrile, polychloroprene, etc. 

The chemical world is often divided into measurers and makers of molecules. This division has deep historic roots, but it artificially impedes taking advantage of both aspects of the chemical sciences. Of key importance to all forms of chemistry are instruments and techniques that allow examination, in space and in time, of the composition and characterization of a chemical system under study. To achieve this end in a practical manner, these instruments will need to multiplex several analytical methods. They will need to meet one or more of the requirements for characterization of the products of combinatorial chemical synthesis, correlation of molecular structure with dynamic processes, high-resolution definition of three-dimensional structures and the dynamics of then-formation, and remote detection and telemetry. 

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