Article 6 , Sixth

The sixth article in this collection takes up the story from where paper 4 left off. If the n + (Madelung) rule can be fully reduced, then it might rightly be claimed that the periodic table reduces fully to quantum mechanics. This is a question that has been asked in a much-quoted paper by Per-Olov Lowdin, the influential quantum chemist who for many years led the Quantum Chemistry project at the University of Florida. 

Articles 5-8 and Annexes VII and VIII in the Sixth Amendment ) contain the key provisions of the EEC s premarket notification program. Articles 2, 9-13, and 20-23 also are particularly relevant. 

Article 6(1) of the Sixth Amendment requires PMN s to contain information and data necessary for evaluating the potential risks of new substances to humans and the environment. This specifically includes certain exposure information listed in Annex VII, concerning proposed uses and estimated yearly production volumes (in ranges, and broken down by use categories). Further, Article 6(1) requires submission of "a declaration concerning the unfavourable effects of the substance in terms of the various uses envisaged," which appears to require statements of the risks that may be associated with the use categories provided under Annex VII.(26)... 

Article 8(1) of the Sixth Amendment specifies three different types of exemptions for R D substances. The third appears to be analogous to the TSCA 5(h)(1) exemption for test marketing activities. 

EINECS European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. This is the inventory of existing substances required by Article 13(1) of the Sixth Amendment. 

The European Union (EU) and its Member States promote responsible research in order to help society draw the maximum benefit from scientific inquiry and in order to protect the rights of citizens, researchers, and other members of society (EU 2007). All EU-funded research activities must comply with an ethical code according to Article 3 of the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6, 2002-2006) that states All the research activities carried out under FP6 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles. No further guidance specifically directed toward the use of human data in the risk assessment of chemical substances is provided. 

Berthelot also found that the most ancient articles of Egyptian origin are of copper without addition of other metals. Bronzes of copper and tin he finds as early as the sixth dynasty. Indeed, in a weathered metal fragment from a tomb of the third dynasty, according to Masperot, he found a very considerable admixture of tin, the quantity being sufficient to serve as rather conclusive evidence... 

Ammonia Properties, www.encvcloDedia.com/articles/00445ProDerties.html. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, Columbia University Press, 2000. 

In 1970, Heller suggested a classification of borates based on the number of boron atoms in the fundamental building block . In 1971, J. R. Clark added, in an article on crystal chemistry of borates , a further principle as the fifth rule, namely that "the boric acid group, B(OH)3, may exist in isolated form in the presence of more complex polyanions, or such insular groups may themselves polymerize and attach to side-chains of more complex polyanions , as first observed in the crystal structures of veatchite and paraveatchite. In 1977, Christ and Clark reviewed the various principles and classifications in their article on a crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates . In addition to a sixth rule. 

Peter Kollman died unexpectedly in May, 2001. He had authored an article on "Drug-Target Binding Forces" for the Fifth Edition of this series. This revision and extension for the Sixth Edition is based primarily on Peter s writings, and is dedicated to his memory. 

H. Liang and G. Xu, Late news article, Proc. Sixth Int. Conf. CMP for ULSI Multilevel Interconnection (CMP-MIC), Santa Clara, CA, 2001, p. 186. 

Initially, LMW inhalation drugs can be screened for their ability to sensitize the immune system. A contact sensitization model, the local lymph node assay (LENA), has been validated for the identification of agents that cause skin sensitization (Kimber et al, 1991). In this model, the test article is prepared in a vehicle, such as olive oil/acetone, and applied to both ears of mice for three consecutive days, and on the sixth day, proliferation in draining lymph node is determined (Gerberick et al, 2000). Test articles that produce a stimulation index greater than three times vehicle control are considered positive contact sensitizers. To date, most if not all LMW respiratory sensitizers tested... 

The sixth article deals with synthetic approaches to different types of 1,2-heterophosphacyclanes, including four-, five-, and six-membered P-heterocycles. 

Council Directive 97/42/EC of 27 June 1997 amending for the first time Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work (Sixth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC), Official Journal L 179,08/07/1997 P. 0004 - 0006. 

So far the nodal structure of the valence s- and p-orbitals themselves has been in our focus, allowing us to explain the special role of the 2p-elements compared to their heavier homologues. The further modulations of chemical and physical properties as we descend to a given group from period 3 on are often summarized under the term secondary periodicity [65, 66]. The main influences here are incomplete screening of nuclear charge by fllled core or semi-core shells and the effects of special relativity. The former reflect shell structure of the atom as a whole and are already important for differences and similarities of the homologous third and fourth period elements, whereas the latter become crucial mainly for the chemistry of the sixth period elements. These aspects have been discussed in detail in various review articles (see, e.g.. Refs [16, 28, 67]), and we, thus, touch them only briefly. 

It is possible to develop expressions for hyper-Rayleigh and Raman intensity components in terms of sixth-rank tensor invariants, analogous to the familiar fourth-rank invariants given above, together with quantum-mechanical expressions for transition hyperpolarizability tensors. However, these expressions are too complicated to give here the articles by D.A. Long in reference 4] should be consulted for further details. 

Article 13 of the Sixth Amendment simply required the authorities to inventory existing chemicals. Over a decade later, the assessment of those existing chemicals began with the promulgation of the Existing Substances Regulation. 

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