Aromatic poly synthesis

A powerful and efficient method for the preparation of poly(ketone)s is the direct polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with aromatic compounds or of aromatic carboxylic acids using phosphorus pentoxide/methanesulfonic acid (PPMA)16 or polyphosphoric acid (PPA)17 as the condensing agent and solvent. By applying both of these reagents to the synthesis of hexafluoroisopropylidene-unit-containing aromatic poly(ketone)s, various types of poly(ketone)s such as poly(ether ketone) (11), poly(ketone) (12), poly(sulfide ketone) (13), and poly-... 

Several routes have been reported for the synthesis of aromatic poly(azole)s such as poly(benzimidazole), poly(benzoaxazole), and poly(benzthiazole) melt polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid diphenyl esters with tetramines21 and high-temperature solution polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives with tetramine hydrochlorides in PPA.22 PPA acts as condensing agent and solvent. Ueda etal.23 developed a modified method for the synthesis ofpolyazoles with the use of PPM A. 

Aromatic nitrations, 17 160-161 by-products of, 17 161 kinetics of, 17 162 Aromatic nitriles, 17 243 Aromatic nucleophilic displacement, polyimide synthesis via, 20 273 Aromatic phosphines, 19 60, 62 Aromatic poly(monosulfide ketone)s, 23 709 Aromatic poly(monosulfide)s, 23 706 Aromatic polyamide copolymers, laboratory synthesis of, 19 720 Aromatic polyamide fibers, 24 614 Aromatic polyamides, 10 210-212 19 713-738. See also Aliphatic polyamides (PA)... 

Miller et al. [87,88] have described the synthesis of hyperbranched aromatic poly(ether-ketone)s based on monomers containing one phenolic group and two fluorides which were activated towards nucleophilic substitution by neighboring groups. The molecular weight and polydispersity of the formed po-ly(ether-ketone)s could be controlled by reaction conditions such as monomer concentration and temperature. The formed polymers had high solubility in common solvents such as THF. 

An example for the synthesis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) - aromatic poly(ether-sulfone) - poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-pheny-lene oxide) ABA triblock copolymer is presented in Scheme 6. Quantitative etherification of the two polymer chain ends has been accomplished under mild reaction conditions detailed elsewhere(11). Figure 4 presents the 200 MHz Ir-NMR spectra of the co-(2,6-dimethyl-phenol) poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide), of the 01, w-di(chloroally) aromatic polyether sulfone and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymers as convincing evidence for the quantitative reaction of the parent pol3rmers chain ends. Additional evidence for the very clean synthetic procedure comes from the gel permeation chromatograms of the two starting oligomers and of the obtained ABA triblock copolymer presented in Figure 5. 

Colquhoum, H. M. Lewis, D. E Ben-Haida, A. Hodge, P. Ring-chain interconversion in high-performance polymer system. 2. Ring-opening polmerization-copolyetherification in the synthesis of aromatic poly(ether sulfones). Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3775-3778. 

In 1962, Bonner (14) at DuPont was the first one who reported the synthesis of wholly aromatic poly(ether ketone ketone)s (PEKK) by Friedel-Crafts acylation. Isophthaloyl chloride was condensed with diphenyl ether using nitrobenzene as solvent and aluminum trichloride as a catalyst. 

Gil, M., Ji, X., Li, X., Na, H., Hampsay, J., Lu, Y. (2004). Direct synthesis of sulfonated aromatic poly(ether ether ketone) proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. /. Membrane Sci. 234, 75-81. 

Leung, L. M. W. H. Chan, S. K. Leung, and S. M. Fung, Synthesis of Aliphatic and Aromatic Poly(s-dithiocarbonates) Using a Phase Transfer Catalyst, J.M. S.-Pure Appl. Chem., X51,495 (1994). 

The indicated above importance of polymer melts viscosity causes the appearance of a considerable number of theoretical treatments, describing this property on the basis of either representations, mainly fiom the point of view of free volume [3], In the present chapter polymer melts viscosity is treated within the framework of fractal analysis [5]. This is due to the fact, that the macromolecular coil in polymer solutions and melts is a fiactal [6] that creates prerequisites for the polymer melt viscosity prediction quite at the synthesis stage. The authors of Ref [7] demonstrated the possibility of polymer melts viscosity description and prediction within the fiamework of fiactal analysis on the example of two polymers of different classes—aromatic poly-ethersulfonoformals (APESF) and high-density polyethylene (HOPE). MFI values were determined on the automatic capillary viscometer IIRT-A at temperatures and loads, listed in Table 1. The fiactal dimension of a macromo-... 

Yamamoto H. 1986. Synthesis and reversible photochromism of azo aromatic poly(L lysine). 

Yamamoto H, Nishida A. 1991. Photoresponsive peptide and polypeptide systems. Part 9. Synthesis and reversible photochromism of azo aromatic poly(L a,g diaminobutyric acid). Polym Int 24(3) 145 148. 

Bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-sulfone is an important intermediate, which is used mainly for the preparation of aromatic poly(sulfone)s and for the synthesis of bis-(aminophenyl)-sulfone. This compound is required both for the therapy of leprosy and for curing epoxy resins. 

T. Yokozawa, T. Taniguchi, Y. Suzuki, and A. Yokoyama. Chain-growth polycondensation of monomer consisting of two aromatic rings Synthesis of well-defined poly(ether sulfone) from 4-fluoro-4 -hydroxydiphenyl sulf-one. J. Polym. ScL, Part A Polym. Chem., 40 3460-3464, 2002. 

K. Matsumoto and M. Ueda. Synthesis of hyperbranched aromatic poly-(ether sulfone) with sulfonyl chloride terminal groups. Chem. Lett., 35 1196-1197,2006. 

C.-W. Chang and G.-S. Liou. Stably anodic green electrochromic aromatic poly(amine-amide-imide)s Synthesis and electrochromic properties. Org. Electron., 8(6) 662-672, December 2007. 

G.S. Liou, S.H. Hsiao, Synthesis and properties of aromatic poly(ester amide)s with pendant phosphorus groups, J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 40 (2002) 459-470. 

Kricheldorf, H. R., Bier, G. (1984). New polymer synthesis 11 Preparation of Aromatic Poly(ester ketone)s from SUylated Bisphenols. Polymer, 25(8), 1151-1156... 

Yokozawa T, Taniguchi T, Suzuki Y, Yokoyama A. Chain-growth polyconden sation of monomer consisting of two aromatic rings synthesis of well-defined poly (ether sulfone) from 4-fluoro-4 -hydrox ydiphenyl sulfone. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2002 40 3460-4. 

Aromatic poly(imide)s containing triphenylamine-substituted triazole moieties have been synthesized. The synthesis is shown in Figure 9.16. 

The synthesis, photoluminescence, and elec-trochromism of aromatic poly(amine-1,3,4-... 

Mansoori Y, Shah Sanaei S, Atghia SV, Zamanloo MR, Imanzadeh G. Synthesis of organo soluble aromatic poly(amide-imide)s based on 2-(5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-l,3,4-oxadia-zole-2-yl)pyridine in an ionic liquid. Chinese J Polym Sci 2011 29(6) 699-711. 

Fahmy MM, Al-Ghamdi RE, Mohamed NA. Synthesis, characterization, and thermal stability of novel wholly para-oriented aromatic poly(ether-amide-hydrazide)s bearing pendant groups and their corresponding poly(ether-amide-l,3,4-oxadiazole)s. Polym Bull 2011 66(5) 609-25. 

Yen HJ, Liou GS. Synthesis, photoluminescence, and electrochromism of novel aromatic poly(amine-l,3,4-oxadiazole)s bearing anthry-lamine chromophores. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2009 47(6) 1584-94. 

Agrawal S, Narula AK. Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus containing aromatic poly(amide-imide)s copolymers for high temperature applications. Polym Bull 2013 70(12) 3241-60. 

D. S. Thompson, L. J. Markoski, J. S. Moore, I. Sendijarevic, A. Lee, A. J. McHugh, Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched aromatic poly(ether imide)s with varying degree of branching. Macromolecules, 33, 6412-6415 (2000). 

J. Hao, M. Jikei, M. Kakimoto, Synthesis and comparison of hyperbranched aromatic poly-imides having the same repeating unit by AB2 self-polymerization and A2 + B3 polymerization, Macromolecules, 36, 3519-3528 (2003). 

Mitsuree, U., Nasaki, S. (1987). Synthesis of Aromatic Poly (ester ketones), mmolecules. 20(11), 2675-2677. 

Yonezawa Noriyuki, Nakamura Hiroyuki, Maeyama Katsuya. (2002). Synthesis of all-aromatic poly ketones having controllable isomeric composition and containing links of 2-trifluorometylbisphenylene and 2, 2 -dimetoxybisphenylene React and Funct. Polym, 52(1), 19-30. 

T. Koley, P. Bandyopadhyay, A.K. Mohanty, S. Banerjee, Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic poly(ether imide)s and their gas transport properties, Eur. Polym. J. 49 (12) (2013)4212-4223. 

T.S. Jo, C.H. Ozawa, B.R. Eagar, L.V. Brownell, D. Han, C. Bae, Synthesis of sulfonated aromatic poly (ether amide)s and their application to proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Polym. Sci., Part A Polym. Chem. 47 (2) (2009) 485 96. 

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