Arch Hydrazine

Hydrazine, NH2-NH2, is the simplest diamine. Lobry de Bruyn first prepared anhydrous hydrazine in 1894. In 1953 Arch Hydrazine (formerly Olin Chemical) pioneered U.S. production of hydrazine to fuel the first Titan rocket. 

Jacobson, K.H., J.H.Clem, H.J.Wheelwright, Jr., W.E.Rinehart, and N.Mayes. 1955. The acute toxicity of the vapors of some methylated hydrazine derivatives. AMA Arch. Ind. Health 12 609-616. 

Witkin, L.B. 1956. Acute toxicity of hydrazine and some of its methylated derivatives. AMA Arch. Ind. Health 13 34-36. 

A. M. Jenner, J. A. Timbrell, Influence of Inducers and Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 on the Hepatotoxicity of Hydrazine in vivo Arch. Toxicol. 1994, 68, 349-357. 

Comstock CC, Lawson LH, Greene EA, Oberst FW Inhalation toxicity of hydrazine vapor. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med 10 476 90, 1954... 

Jenner AM, Timbrell JA Effect of acute and repeated exposure to low doses of hydrazine on hepatic microsomal enz)nnes and biochemical parameters in vivo. Arch Toxicol 68 240-245, 1994... 

The bis-formamide ArCH(NHCHO)2 reacts with hydrazine hydrate to give (590) in high yield (63TL1637). 

Hemminki, K., Falck, K. Vainio. H. (1980) Comparison of alkylation rates and mutagenicity of directly acting industrial and laboratory chemicals. Epoxides, glycidyl ethers, methylating and ethylating agents, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrazine derivatives, aldehydes, thiuram and dithiocarbamate derivatives. Arch. Toxicol., 46, 277-285... 

Ullrich KJ, Rumrich G, David C, et al. Bisubstrates substances that interact with renal contraluminal organic anion and organic cation transport systems. I. Amines, piperidines, piperazines, azepines, pyridines, quinolines, imidazoles, thiazoles, guanidines and hydrazines. Pflugers Arch 1993 425 280-299. 

Hydrazine is marketed as anhydrous hydrazine, as the monohydrate (64% hydrazine), and as a 54.5% aqueous solution (85% hydrazine monohydrate). The largest U.S. producers of hydrazine based on a 2000 report134 are Arch Chemical (23 Million Pounds per Year), Bayer (17 Million Pounds per Year), and Fairmont Chemical (1 Million Pounds per Year). 

Sarich TC, Youssefi M, Zhou T, Adams SP, Wall RA, Wright JM. Role of hydrazine in the mechanism of isoniazid hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Arch Toxicol 1996 70 835-40. 

Zinner, G., Bock, W. Ugi-reactions with hydrazines. III. Ugi-reaction with diaziridines. Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim, Ger.) 1973, 306, 94-96. 

Kane DA, Williamson KJ. 1983. Bacterial toxicity and metabolism of hydrazine fuels. Arch Environ... 

Lee SH, Aleyassine H. 1970. Hydrazine toxicity in pregnant rats. Arch Environ Health 21 615-619. 

O Leary JF, Oikemus A. 1956. Correspondence Treatment of hydrazine toxicity. Arch Ind Health 569-570. 

Reinhardt CF, Dinman BD. 1965b. Toxicity of hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) Hepatostructural and enzymatic change. Arch Environ Health 10 859-869. 

Wheeler CE, Penn SR, Cawley EP. 1965. Dermatitis from hydrazine hydrobromide solder flux. Arch Dermat 91 235-239. 

Dimethyl hydrazine, unsym-Dime thy I hydrazine asym-dimethylhydrazine IV, N-dimethy[hydrazine UDMH Dimazine. C2HtN2 mol wt 60.10, C 39.97%, H 13.42%, N 46.62%. (CHj)2NNHj. Prepd industrially by the reaction of dimethylamine and chloramine by reduction of nitrosodimethylamine (obtained by treating a dimethylamine salt with sodium nitrite) Hatt, Org. Syn. coll. vol. II, 211 (1943). Subacute toxicity study Cornish, Hartung, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15, 62 (1969). Acute toxicity data Wit-kin, Arch. Ind. Health 13, 34 (1956). Review and evaluation of studies of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals IaRC Monographs 4, 137 -143 (1974). 

Flammable, hygroscopic, mobile liquid. Fumes in air and gradually turns yellow. Corrosive to skint Characteristic ammoniaca) odor of aliphatic hydrazines. d 0.8274. bp j 81". njy 1.4209. Miscible with water with much evolution of heat. Also miscible with alcohol, ether, dimethylformamide, hydrocarbons. LDMin mice, rats 36, 160 mg/kg orally 29, 175 mg/kg i.v., Witkin, Arch. Ind. Health 13, 34 (1956). 

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