Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging

Strongly recommended to go to the original references to get a better idea of the type of image that can be obtained. 

Polsky and E. Van Valkenburg, The diamond anvil cell, in Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy, J. M. Chalmers and R R. Griffiths, Eds., Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England, 2002, Vol. 2, p. 1353. 

Spectral Dimensions, 3416 Olandwood Court, Suite 210, Olney, MD 20832. 

Bhargava and I. W. Levin, Recent developments in Fourier transform infrared (FTTR) microspectroscopic methods for biomedical analyses from single-point detection to two-dimensional imaging, in Biomedical Photonics Handbook, T. Vo-Dinh, Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2003, p. 1. 

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K.H. Esbensen and T.T. Lied, Principles of image cross-validation (ICV) representative segmentation of image data structures, in Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis, H. Grahn and P. Geladi (eds). Chap. 7. (155-180), John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2007. 

The two main online applications of hyperspectral imaging are blending endpoint determination (Figure 19) and capsule control (Figure 20). Other applications may be possible, such as content uniformity, determination of dissolution properties, and water quantification, but are not described in this chapter. 

Grahn, H.F. and Geladi, P. (2007) Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis, John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 

Figure S.15 Application of hyperspectral imaging to individual particles in supported metal catalysts. Annular dark-field image (top left) acquired from an Au-Pd/TiOj catalyst and the corresponding XEDS elemental maps Au-M (top left), Pd-L (middle left), O-K (middle right), and Ti-K (bottom left). Also shown is a...

J. van der Weerd and S. G. Kazarian, Multivariate Movies and Their Applications in Pharmaceutical and Polymer Dissolution Studies , in Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis, eds. H. F. Grahn and P. Geladi, John WUey Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2007, p. 221. 

ElMasry, G. et al. (2012) Principles and applications of hyperspectral imaging in quality evaluation of agro-food products a review. Crit Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 52 (11), 999-1023. 

Advanced applications of hyperspectral imaging technology for food quality and safety analysis and assessment a review - Part II applications. Innovative Food Sci. Emerg. TechnoL, 19, 15-28. 

Lorente, D. et al. (2012) Recent advances and applications of hyperspectral imaging for fruit and vegetable quality assessment. Food Bioprocess Technol, 5 (4), 1121-1142. 

Zhang, X. et al (2012) Application of hyperspectral imaging and chemometric calibrations for variety... 

Baiano, A. et al (2012) Application of hyperspectral imaging for prediction of physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of table grapes. Comput Electron. Agric., 87, 142-151. Leiva-Valenzuela, G.A., Lu, R., and Aguilera, J.M. (2013) Prediction of firmness and soluble solids content of blueberries using hyperspectral reflectance imaging. /. Food Eng., 115 (1), 91-98. 

The second part of the book—Chapters 9-12— presents some selected applications of chemometrics to different topics of interest in the field of food authentication and control. Chapter 9 deals with the application of chemometric methods to the analysis of hyperspectral images, that is, of those images where a complete spectrum is recorded at each of the pixels. After a description of the peculiar characteristics of images as data, a detailed discussion on the use of exploratory data analytical tools, calibration and classification methods is presented. The aim of Chapter 10 is to present an overview of the role of chemometrics in food traceability, starting from the characterisation of soils up to the classification and authentication of the final product. The discussion is accompanied by examples taken from the different ambits where chemometrics can be used for tracing and authenticating foodstuffs. Chapter 11 introduces NMR-based metabolomics as a potentially useful tool for food quality control. After a description of the bases of the metabolomics approach, examples of its application for authentication, identification of adulterations, control of the safety of use, and processing are presented and discussed. Finally, Chapter 12 introduces the concept of interval methods in chemometrics, both for data pretreatment and data analysis. The topics... 

The CISs are rapidly becoming more popular and reliable as their field of application broadens. This is mainly due to the production of surface images by multipoint scanning and mapping. Hyperspectral imaging has proven its potential for qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical products and can be used when spatial information becomes relevant for an analytical application. Even if online applications and regulatory method validation require further development, the power of CIS in quality control and PAT needs no further demonstration, whatever the wavelength domain or method of spectra collection. 

One final piece of advice the product in data processing is only as good as the informational content of the input data. The field of study we now call chemometrics began in earnest about three decades ago with application of statistical principles to chemical data. Hyperspectral images provide lots and lots of data, and chemometrics can be used to extract important information from these data however, it is still limited by the quality of the input data. 

Kim, M. S., Lefcourt, A. M., Chao, K., Chen, Y. R., Kim, I. and Chan, D. E. (2002) Mul-tispectral detection of fecal contamination on apples based on hyperspectral imagery Part I. Application of visible and near-infrared reflectance imaging. Trans. ASAE 45(6), 2027-37. 

Descriptions of these two families of NIR hyperspectral imaging usage are provided in the following sections, together with example applications that illustrate today s state-of the art technologies and methodologies. 

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