Applications Involving Human Health Studies

In another study carried out at a different nuclear establishment, the isotopes and were determined (along with calculated concentrations) in a series of human urine samples, using a concentrated aqua regia wet oxidation method to dissolve the uranium and destroy the organic matter. The uranium was selectively separated from the matrix using anion exchange, eluted with dilute nitric acid, and then aspirated into the ICP mass spectrometer. Using this method, a detection limit of 6 ng/L was achieved, with excellent spike recoveries at the 200 ng/L level, which met both plant and industry standard (American National Standards Institute 13.30) internal dose assessments for total uranium.  

In another study carried out at a different nuclear establishment, the isotopes U and were determined (along with calculated concentrations) in a series 

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A detailed description of the four models involved in this study has been provided in the Chapters Environmental Fate Models and A Revision of Current Models for Environmental and Human Health Impact and Risk Assessment for Application to Emerging Chemicals. Models were run preferably for Pb and DeBDE on different geographical scales ... 

Most research on Po has focussed on its application as a tracer of environmental processes, and its impact on human health through radiation exposureIt has featured particularly prominently in studies of marine sedimentation processes, foodchains, atmospheric circulation and aerosol behaviour. Dosimetric studies have shown it to be the largest contributor of natural radiation dose to marine organismsthrough ingestion, with resulting implications for human radiation exposure, particularly where seafoods are involved ... 

Based on data reported in several studies involving application of sealant to teeth, it appears that low levels of bisphenol A (BPA) may be released from certain sealants, although only during a short time period immediately after application of the sealant. Further, no detectable levels of BPA have been found in blood after application of a sealant that releases low levels of BPA into saliva and the sealant possesses no risk to human health [60]. 

Veterinary science is a medical science dealing with the study, research, prevention, and treatment of disease in animals and the relation of animal disease to human health. It deals with the health of individual animals and groups of animals. Veterinary scientists include veterinarians who treat animal patients, research veterinary scientists who work in academic and private research laboratories, and technicians and technologists who assist veterinarians and veterinarian scientists. Veterinarians provide health care to companion animals and livestock. They play an important role in maintaining a wholesome food supply. Veterinary scientists involved in research are instrumental in the development of medicine, treatments, and surgical procedures applicable to both humans and animals. 

Most of the data located concerning the health effects of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in humans come from case reports and occupational epidemiology studies of workers engaged either in the manufacture or application of pesticides. There is some information on people who have consumed heptachlor-contaminated food or dairy products, but no adverse health effects have been related to these exposures. The occupational studies involve exposures that are predominantly inhalation with contributions from dermal exposure, whereas all the animal studies were conducted using oral or intraperitoneal exposures. The occupational and case reports provide no quantitation of dose or duration of exposure, which makes it impossible to determine with any precision the effect levels for humans. There are no data that indicate that heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide are carcinogenic to humans. However, human studies are limited by the long latency period of carcinogenesis and by ascertainment and follow-up biases. 

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