Applications for adhesives

Automotive. The automotive industry has a wide variety of applications for adhesives and sealants. Nonstructural applications dominate, and they include all interior trim and much of the exterior trim such as side molding, wheel covering emblems, front and rear... 

Many applications for adhesives and sealants require high strength and durability at low temperatures. Many of these same applications also require resistance to thermal cycling between high and low operating temperatures. Unfortunately, the properties of adhesives and sealants at low temperatures are not as well studied or documented as they are at high temperatures. 

Most furfural is produced from corncobs and oat and rice hulls, primarily by the Quaker Oats Company. The product is used in the chemical industry as a solvent and in wood rosin refining. A large amount of furfural is treated further to give furfuryl alcohol. The furfuryl alcohol is added to urea-formaldehyde resins in applications for adhesives and foundry core binders. 

High torque and high speed applications for plastics compounding High volume applications for adhesives, sealants, chemicals... 

There are many applications for adhesion enhancement in PVC processing and use. The most common involves increased interaction between filler particles and PVC and... 

Typical applications for adhesion promoters today include truck tarpaulins and other coverings, air-inflated halls and other textile structures, flexible containers, tent roofs, marquees, protective clothing, conveyor belts, flocked carpeting, and foamed artificial leather. 

Schleicher s hypothesis is poorly validated by experimental data and is therefore not widely used. It is impossible to investigate the criterion s applicability for adhesive joints, since at present there are no methods available for determination of the Poisson ratio for the adhesive layer in the joint. 

R. E. Batson, Industrial Applications for Adhesives, in ASM Engineered Materials Handbook Vol. 3 Adhesives and Sealants, ed. M. M. Gauthier ASM International, 1990, p. 567. 

Adhesive bonding and welding are the most commonly used where a sealed or reinforced seam is required. They also offer value in that they can be used in high-speed, automated production processes. Examples of various applications for adhesive bonding or thermal welding are shown in Table 13.12. 

Fabric bonding is a relatively new application for adhesives [99]-[103]. The particular demands that a fabric bond must satisfy make the replacement of conventional thread stitching very difficult ... 

Many appliance applications for adhesives are those adhesives used in the electrical industry for the assembly of motors and pumps. 

There are two types of medical applications for adhesives (i) applications for devices that are outside the body (e.g., instruments) and (ii) applications for devices inside the body (for diagnostic monitoring or therapeutic purposes). 

The number of applications for adhesives in automotive has increased significantly in recent years with a continuous upgrading of systems to meet new requirements. These include thinner steel panels, use of light metals such as aluminium and magnesium, more use of plastics, and higher operating temperatures and new fluids. 

Typical applications for adhesives and sealants are shown in Table 3.3 (we included non-structural adhesives and sealants here for completeness). 

Table 3.3 Typical automotive applications for adhesives and sealants ...

Needle bonding has long been a major application for adhesives. The bonding of stainless-steel needles in glass syringes that are prefilled with pharmaceuticals was traditionally done using heat-cured two-component epoxies, but toughened UV acrylic adhesives have led to dramatic increases in productivity. 

Adhesives have been a technologically important application of polymers for thousands of years. Many of the early natural adhesives are still used. These include starch and protein-based formulations such as hydrolyzed collagen from animal hides, hooves, and bones, and casein from milk. As new adhesive formulations based on synthetic polymers (often the same polymers used in other applications) continue to be developed, the range of applications for adhesives has expanded dramatically [1-7]. 

The method of application for adhesives depends on several factors, including the type and rheological characteristics of the adhesive used, whether it is one- or two-part type, the geometry of the parts to be bonded and the rate of their assembly. 

There are numerous applications for adhesives in electronics manufacturing industries some bringing additional property requirements for adhesive formulators, particularly those of conductivity and heat and stress dissipation. Licari and Swanson (2005) give a complete exposition on the subject. 

A common application for adhesives is where co-axial (cylindrical parts) require to be joined. Figure 5.11 shows a typical application where the black polypropylene spigot is to be bonded and sealed into the red elastomeric (thermoplastic elastomers) housing. In this case, both these plastics are low-surface-energy materials and so will require either a surface primer or some form of surface treatment to increase the surface wetting (see Chapter 6). In this application a medium viscosity ethyl cyanoacrylate with a primer was selected. 

The principal application for adhesives is the bonding of bonnet, boot lid and door assemblies, with a small use of structural adhesives in the highly stressed areas to distribute loads throughout the joint area and increase the torsional stiffness of the assemblies. The bonded areas in the car body are illustrated in Fig. 4.1. 

Fig. 4.1. Typical body applications for adhesives. Bonded areas bonnet, doors, taildoor/trunk lid, fenders, roof, suspension.

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